Acid Rain Research: Do we have enough answers?, Proceedings of a Specialty Conference

Content: 
Foreword
Page v

Acknowledgements
Page vi

Conclusions
Pages vii-viii

Acid Rain Research Conference, October 10–12, 1994: Opening remarks by André van Alphen Deputy director Air and Energy, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment, P.O. Box 30945, 2500 GX, The Hague, The Netherlands Original Research Article
Pages 3-5

Long term measurements of SO2 dry deposition over vegetation and soil and comparisons with models Original Research Article
Pages 9-19
D. Fowler, C. Flechard, R.L. Storeton-West, M.A. Sutton, K.J. Hargreaves, R.I. Smith

The use of the gradient method to monitor trace gas fluxes over forest: Flux-profile functions for ozone and heat Original Research Article
Pages 21-30
Jan Duyzer, Hilbrand Weststrate

Deposition of nitrogen oxides and ozone to Danish forest sites Original Research Article
Pages 31-40
K. Pilegaard, N.O. Jensen, P. Hummelshøj

Monitoring dry deposition fluxes of SO2 and NO2: Analysis of errors Original Research Article
Pages 41-52
M.G. Mennen, J.E.M. Hogenkamp, H.J.M.A. Zwart, J.W. Erisman

Ammonia and ammonium in the atmosphere: Present knowledge and recommendations for further research Original Research Article
Pages 55-70
Willem A.H. Asman

Measurement and modelling of ammonia exchange over arable croplands Original Research Article
Pages 71-80
M.A. Sutton, J.K. Burkhardt, D. Guerin, D. Fowler

Preliminary validation of ammonia emission data using a combination of monitoring and modelling Original Research Article
Pages 81-90
J.M.M. Aben, P.S.C. Heuberger, R.C. Acharya, A.L.M. Dekkers

Deposition network of the federal environmental agency (UBA)—Results and trends Original Research Article
Pages 91-102
D. Kallweit

The influence of ammonium nitrate equilibrium on the measurement of exchange fluxes of ammonia and nitric acid Original Research Article
Pages 103-112
Yuanhang Zhang, Harry ten Brink, Sjaak Slanina, Paul Wyers

Particle deposition to forests Original Research Article
Pages 115-126
Jan Willem Erisman, Geert Draaijers, Jan Duyzer, Peter Hofschreuder, Niek van Leeuwen, Ferdinand Römer, Walter Ruijgrok, Paul Wyers

Deposition of aerosol to coniferous forest Original Research Article
Pages 127-138
G.P. Wyers, A.C. Veltkamp, M. Geusebroek, A. Wayers, J.J. Möls

Microscopic processes governing the deposition of trace gases and particles to vegetation surfaces Original Research Article
Pages 139-148
J. Burkhardt

The atmospheric input of inorganic nitrogen and sulphur by dry deposition of aerosol particles to a spruce, stand Original Research Article
Pages 149-160
K. Peters, G. Bruckner-Schatt

On the determination of total deposition to remote areas Original Research Article
Pages 163-173
B.B. Hicks

Quantifying the scale dependence in estimates of wet and dry deposition and the implications for critical load exceedances Original Research Article
Pages 175-186
R.I. Smith, D. Fowler, K.R. Bull

Uncertainties associated with the inferential modelling of trace gas dry deposition: A comparison of four models with observations from four surface types Original Research Article
Pages 187-196
Jeffrey R. Brook, Jacob Padro

EDACS: European deposition maps of acidifying components on a small scale Original Research Article
Pages 197-210
W.A.J. van Pul, C.J.M. Potma, E.P. van Leeuwen, G.P.J. Draaijers, J.W. Erisman

Assessment and evaluation of critical levels for O3 and NH3 Original Research Article
Pages 213-222
Eveliene Steingröver, Tom Dueck, Ludger van der Eerden

Experimental manipulations: Forest ecosystem repsonses to changes in water, nutrients and atmospheric loads Original Research Article
Pages 223-243
Andries W. Boxman, Pieter H.B. de Visser, Jan G.M. Roelofs

Effects of acid deposition on forest ecosystems in the Netherlands: Analysis of the Speuld Douglas fir site Original Research Article
Pages 245-260
Hans van Grinsven, Bert-Jan Groenenberg, Kees van Heerden, Hans Kros, Frits Mohren, Carolien van der Salm, Evelien Steingröver, Aaldrik Tiktak, Jan-Renger van de Veen

Large scale impacts of acid deposition on forests and forest soils in the Netherlands Original Research Article
Pages 261-277
W. de Vries, E.E.J.M. Leeters, C.M.A. Hendriks, H. van Dobben, J. van den Burg, L.J.M. Boumans

Ecological effects of atmospheric deposition on non-forest ecosystems in Western Europe Original Research Article
Pages 279-292
Roland Bobbink, Jan G.M. Roelofs

Evaluation; integration Original Research Article
Pages 293-303
H.F. van Dobben

Lessons learned in acidification research: Implications for future environmental research and assessments Original Research Article
Pages 307-319
Ellis B. Cowling

Exceedence, damage and area minimisation approaches to integrated acidic deposition modelling Original Research Article
Pages 321-332
Clair Gough, Johan Kuylenstierna, Peter Bailey, Michael J. Chadwick

Reliability of environmental information obtained by modelling and monitoring Original Research Article
Pages 333-340
J.A. Hoekstra, J.C.H. van Eijkeren, A.L.M. Dekkers, B.J. de Haan, P.S.C. Heuberger, P.H.M. Janssen, A.U.C.J. van Beurden, A.A.M. Kusse, M.J.H. Pastoors

Future of acidification research Original Research Article
Pages 343-351
T. Paces

Potential ecological risk due to acidification of heavy industrialized areas—the Upper Silesia case Original Research Article
Pages 353-365
A. Worsztynowicz, W. Mill

Acidification and metal mobilization: effects of land use changes on Cd mobility Original Research Article
Pages 367-380
P.F. Römkens, W. de Vries

Acidification interacting with global changes: Research to manage drifting systems Original Research Article
Pages 381-384
R.S.A.R. van Rompaey

Critical loads of heavy metals for European forest soils Original Research Article
Page 387
G.J. Reinds, J. Bril, W. de Vries, J.E. Groenenberg, A. Breeuwsma

Setting critical loads of acidity for dystrophic peat—A new approach Original Research Article
Pages 389-391
EJ Wilson, RA Skeffington, CJ Downer, E Maltby, P Immirzi, C Swanson

A comparison of models for the assessment of critical loads on different scales of observation Original Research Article
Pages 393-394
R.J.M. Lenz, S. Mendler, R. Stary

Deposition and leaching at forest stands in Sumava Mts. Original Research Article
Pages 397-398
Jana Kubiznáková, Jirí Kubiznák, Ota Rauch

Precipitation input of inorganic chemicals in the S. Vitale pine stand of Ravenna (Italy) Original Research Article
Pages 399-402
T. Georgiadis, F. Fortezza, L. Alberti, P. Rossini, V. Strocchi

Trends of some components of wet deposition in East Germany after the unification Original Research Article
Pages 403-406
E. Brüggemann, W. Rolle

Eight years studing bulk and wet deposition in the Spanish Basque Country Original Research Article
Pages 407-410
D. Encinas, H. Casado

Scavenging of gases during growth of ice crystals Original Research Article
Pages 411-412
G. Santachiara, F. Prodi, F. Vivarelli

Contribution of root-derived sulphur to sulphate in throughfall in a Douglas fir forest Original Research Article
Pages 413-415
A.C. Veltkamp, M. Geusebroek, G.P. Wyers

Fate of nitrogen in spruce and pine ecosystems Original Research Article
Pages 417-418
T. Staszewski, S. Godzik, J. Szdzuj

Acid deposition: Data from the Swiss Alps Original Research Article
Pages 419-422
Sabine Braun, Walter Flückiger

Dry deposition to bulk samplers underneath a roof in a spruce (picea abies Karst.) forest Original Research Article
Pages 423-424
Michael Bredemier, Martin Meyer

Deposition of air pollutants to forest ecosystems along pollution and climatic gradients in Poland Original Research Article
Pages 425-426
S. Godzik, T. Staszewski, J. Szdzuj

Immission and dry deposition of SO2 and ozone lee side of the conurbation of Leipzig in Eastern Germany Original Research Article
Pages 429-430
G. Spindler, W. Rolle

Dry deposition of acidifying and alkaline particles to forests: model and experimental results compared Original Research Article
Pages 431-438
W. Ruijgrok

The measurement of ammonia in the National Air Quality Monitoring Network (LML): (1) instrumentation and network set-up Original Research Article
Pages 439-442
B.G. van Elzakker, E. Buijsman, G.P. Wyers, R.P. Otjes

The measurement of ammonia in the National Air Quality Monitoring Network (LML): (2) results and performance Original Research Article
Pages 443-448
B.G. van Elzakker, J.T. Schippers, J. Stuiver, G.J.B.M. van Uden

Fine resolution modelling of ammonia dry deposition in Great Britain Original Research Article
Pages 449-452
R. Singles, MA Sutton, KJ Weston

Fog deposition on Douglas fir forest Original Research Article
Pages 453-454
A.T. Vermeulen, G.P. Wyers, F.G. Römer, G.P.J. Draaijers, N.F.M. van Leeuwen, J.W. Erisman

The contribution of canopy exchange to differences observed between atmospheric deposition and throughfall fluxes Original Research Article
Pages 455-456
G.P.J. Draaijers, J.W. Erisman, N.F.M. van Leeuwen, F.G. Römer, B.H. Te Winkel, A.T. Vermeulen, G.P. Wyers, K. Hansen

Dry deposition monitoring of SO2, NH3 and NO2 over a coniferous forest Original Research Article
Pages 457-458
Jos Hogenkamp, Jan Willem Erisman, Marcel Mennen, Erik Kemkers, Addo van Pul, Geert Draaijers, Jan Duyzer, Paul Wyers ECN

Gas deposition of sulphur dioxide on the territory of the Czech Republic in 1991 Original Research Article
Pages 459-462
Miloš Zapletal

Forest condition in Europe and North America: What have we learnt over the past ten years? Original Research Article
Pages 465-472
H. Visser

Stomatal regulation in field-grown Douglas-fir Original Research Article
Pages 473-474
W.W.P. Jans, E.G. Steingröver

Carbon partitioning in Douglas-fir Original Research Article
Pages 475-476
E. Steingröver, M. Posma, W. Jans

Decreasing concentration of air pollutants and the rate of dry and wet acidic deposition at three forestry monitoring stations in Hungary Original Research Article
Pages 477-482
L. Horváth, Gy. Baranka, E.Gy. Führer

The characteristics of acid precipitation in Southern China Original Research Article
Pages 483-484
Yuhua Bai, Xiaoyan Tang

The response of peat wetland methane emissions to temperature, water table and sulphate deposition Original Research Article
Pages 485-487
D. Fowler, J. MacDonald, I.D. Leith, K.J. Hargreaves, R. Martynoga

Annex 1 List and participants
Pages 489-499