Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making, by Paul D. Kimmel 6th Edition

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
From the Authors
Author Commitment
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction to Financial Statements
	Knowing the Numbers
	LO 1: Study the forms of business organization and the uses of accounting information.
		Forms of Business Organization
		Users and Uses of Financial Information
		Ethics in Financial Reporting
	LO 2: Explain the three principal types of business activity.
		Financing Activities
		Investing Activities
		Operating Activities
	LO 3: Describe the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
		Income Statement
		Retained Earnings Statement
		Balance Sheet
		Statement of Cash Flows
		Interrelationships of Statements
		Other Elements of an Annual Report
	A Look at IFRS
2 A Further Look at Financial Statements
	Just Fooling Around?
	LO 1: Identity the sections of a classified balance sheet.
		Current Assets
		Long-Term Investments
		Property, Plant, and Equipment
		Intangible Assets
		Current Liabilities
		Long-Term Liabilities
		Stockholders’ Equity
	LO 2: Use ratios to evaluate a company’s profitability, liquidity, and solvency.
		Ratio Analysis
		Using the Income Statement
		Using a Classified Balance Sheet
		Using the Statement of Cash Flows
	LO 3: Discuss financial reporting concepts.
		The Standard-Setting Environment
		Qualities of Useful Information
		Assumptions in Financial Reporting
		Principles in Financial Reporting
		Cost Constraint
	A Look at IFRS
3 The Accounting Information System
	Accidents Happen
	LO 1: Analyze the effect of business transactions on the basic accounting equation.
		Accounting Transactions
		Analyzing Transactions
		Summary of Transactions
	LO 2: Explain how accounts, debits, and credits are used to record business transactions.
		Debits and Credits
		Debit and Credit Procedures
		Stockholders’ Equity Relationships
		Summary of Debit/Credit Rules
	LO 3: Indicate how a journal is used in the recording process.
		The Recording Process
		The Journal
	LO 4: Explain how a ledger and posting help in the recording process.
		The Ledger
		Chart of Accounts
		Posting
		The Recording Process Illustrated
		Summary Illustration of Journalizing and Posting
	LO 5: Prepare a trial balance.
		Limitations of a Trial Balance
	A Look at IFRS
4 Accrual Accounting Concepts
	Keeping Track of Groupons
	LO 1: Explain the accrual basis of accounting and the reasons for adjusting entries.
		The Revenue Recognition Principle
		The Expense Recognition Principle
		Accrual versus Cash Basis of Accounting
		The Need for Adjusting Entries
		Types of Adjusting Entries
	LO 2: Prepare adjusting entries for deferrals.
		Prepaid Expenses
		Unearned Revenues
	LO 3: Prepare adjusting entries for accruals.
		Accrued Revenues
		Accrued Expenses
		Summary of Basic Relationships
	LO 4: Prepare an adjusted trial balance and closing entries.
		Preparing the Adjusted Trial Balance
		Preparing Financial Statements
		Quality of Earnings
		Closing the Books
		Summary of the Accounting Cycle
	LO *5: APPENDIX 4A: Describe the purpose and the basic form of a worksheet.
		A Look at IFRS
5 Merchandising Operations and the Multiple-Step Income Statement
	Buy Now, Vote Later
	LO 1: Describe merchandising operations and inventory systems.
		Operating Cycles
		Flow of Costs
	LO 2: Record purchases under a perpetual inventory system.
		Freight Costs
		Purchase Returns and Allowances
		Purchase Discounts
		Summary of Purchasing Transactions
	LO 3: Record sales under a perpetual inventory system.
		Sales Returns and Allowances
		Sales Discounts
	LO 4: Prepare a multiple-step income statement and a comprehensive income statement.
		Single-Step Income Statement
		Multiple-Step Income Statement
		Comprehensive Income Statement
	LO 5: Determine cost of goods sold under a periodic inventory system.
	LO 6: Compute and analyze gross profit rate and profit margin.
		Gross Profit Rate
		Profit Margin
	LO *7: APPENDIX 5A: Record purchases and sales of inventory under a periodic inventory system.
		Recording Merchandise Transactions
		Recording Purchases of Merchandise
		Freight Costs
		Recording Sales of Merchandise
		Comparison of Entries—Perpetual vs. Periodic
	A Look at IFRS
6 “Where Is That Spare Bulldozer Blade?”
	LO 1: Discuss how to classify and determine inventory.
		Classifying Inventory
		Determining Inventory Quantities
	LO 2: Apply inventory cost flow methods and discuss their financial effects.
		Specific Identification
		Cost Flow Assumptions
		Financial Statement and Tax Effects of Cost Flow Methods
		Using Inventory Cost Flow Methods Consistently
	LO 3: Explain the statement presentation and analysis of inventory.
		Presentation
		Lower-of-Cost-or-Market
		Analysis
		Adjustments for LIFO Reserve
	LO *4: APPENDIX 6A: Apply inventory cost flow methods to perpetual inventory records.
		First-In, First-Out (FIFO)
		Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)
		Average-Cost
	LO *5: APPENDIX 6B: Indicate the effects of inventory errors on the financial statements.
		Income Statement Effects
		Balance Sheet Effects
	A Look at IFRS
7 Fraud, Internal Control, and Cash
	Minding the Money in Madison
	LO 1: Define fraud and the principles of internal control.
		Fraud
		The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
		Internal Control
		Principles of Internal Control Activities
		Limitations of Internal Control
	LO 2: Apply internal control principles to cash.
		Cash Receipts Controls
		Cash Disbursements Controls
	LO 3: Identify the control features of a bank account.
		Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) System
		Bank Statements
		Reconciling the Bank Account
	LO 4: Explain the reporting of cash and the basic principles of cash management.
		Reporting Cash
		Managing and Monitoring Cash
		Cash Budgeting
	LO *5: APPENDIX 7A: Explain the operation of a petty cash fund.
		Establishing the Petty Cash Fund
		Making Payments from Petty Cash
		Replenishing the Petty Cash Fund
	A Look at IFRS
8 Reporting and Analyzing Receivables
	What’s Cooking?
	LO 1: Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.
		Types of Receivables
		Recognizing Accounts Receivable
	LO 2: Describe how companies value accounts receivable and record their disposition.
		Valuing Accounts Receivable
		Disposing of Accounts Receivable
	LO 3: Explain how companies recognize, value, and dispose of notes receivable.
		Determining the Maturity Date
		Computing Interest
		Recognizing Notes Receivable
		Valuing Notes Receivable
		Disposing of Notes Receivable
	LO 4: Describe the statement presentation of receivables and the principles of receivables management.
		Financial Statement Presentation of Receivables
		Managing Receivables
		Evaluating Liquidity of Receivables
		Accelerating Cash Receipts
	A Look at IFRS
9 Reporting and Analyzing Long-Lived Assets
	A Tale of Two Airlines
	LO 1: Explain the accounting for plant asset expenditures.
		Determining the Cost of Plant Assets
		Expenditures During Useful Life
		To Buy or Lease?
	LO 2: Apply depreciation methods to plant assets.
		Factors in Computing Depreciation
		Depreciation Methods
		Revising Periodic Depreciation
		Impairments
	LO 3: Explain how to account for the disposal of plant assets.
		Sale of Plant Assets
		Retirement of Plant Assets
	LO 4: Identity the basic issues related to reporting intangible assets.
		Accounting for Intangible Assets
		Types of Intangible Assets
	LO 5: Discuss how long-lived assets are reported and analyzed.
		Presentation
		Analysis
	LO *6: APPENDIX 9A: Compute periodic depreciation using the declining-balance method and the units-of-activity method.
		Declining-Balance Method
		Units-of-Activity Method
	A Look at IFRS
10 Reporting and Analyzing Liabilities
	And Then There Were Two
	LO 1: Explain how to account for current liabilities.
		What Is a Current Liability?
		Notes Payable
		Sales Taxes Payable
		Unearned Revenues
		Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt
		Payroll and Payroll Taxes Payable
	LO 2: Describe the major characteristics of bonds.
		Types of Bonds
		Issuing Procedures
		Determining the Market Price of Bonds
	LO 3: Explain how to account for bond transactions.
		Issuing Bonds at Face Value
		Discount or Premium on Bonds
		Issuing Bonds at a Discount
		Issuing Bonds at a Premium
		Redeeming Bonds at Maturity
		Redeeming Bonds before Maturity
	LO 4: Discuss how liabilities are reported and analyzed.
		Presentation
		Analysis
	LO *5: APPENDIX 10A: Apply the straight-line method of amortizing bond discount and bond premium.
		Amortizing Bond Discount
		Amortizing Bond Premium
	LO *6: APPENDIX 10B: Apply the effective-interest method of amortizing bond discount and bond premium.
		Amortizing Bond Discount
		Amortizing Bond Premium
	LO *7: APPENDIX 10C: Describe the accounting for long-term notes payable.
	A Look at IFRS
11 Reporting and Analyzing Stockholders’ Equity
	Oh Well, I Guess I’ll Get Rich
	LO 1: Discuss the major characteristics of a corporation.
		Characteristics of a Corporation
		Forming a Corporation
		Stockholder Rights
		Stock Issue Considerations
		Corporate Capital
	LO 2: Explain how to account for the issuance of common and preferred stock, and the purchase of treasury stock.
		Accounting for Common Stock
		Accounting for Preferred Stock
		Treasury Stock
	LO 3: Explain how to account for cash dividends and describe the effect of stock dividends and stock splits.
		Cash Dividends
		Dividend Preferences
		Stock Dividends
		Stock Splits
	LO 4: Discuss how stockholders’ equity is reported and analyzed.
		Retained Earnings
		Retained Earnings Restrictions
		Balance Sheet Presentation of Stockholders’ Equity
		Analysis of Stockholders’ Equity
		Debt versus Equity Decision
	LO *5: APPENDIX 11A: Prepare entries for stock dividends.
		A Look at IFRS
12 Statement of Cash Flows
	Got Cash?
		LO 1: Discuss the usefulness and format of the statement of cash flows.
		Usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flows
		Classification of Cash Flows
		Significant Noncash Activities
		Format of the Statement of Cash Flows
	LO 2: Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method.
		Indirect and Direct Methods
		Indirect Method—Computer Services Company
		Step 1: Operating Activities
		Summary of Conversion to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities–Indirect Method
		Step 2: Investing and Financing Activities
		Step 3: Net Change in Cash
	LO 3: Use the statement of cash flows to evaluate a company.
		The Corporate Life Cycle
		Free Cash Flow
	LO *4: APPENDIX 12A: Prepare a statement of cash flows using the direct method.
		Step 1: Operating Activities
		Step 2: Investing and Financing Activities
		Step 3: Net Change in Cash
	LO *5: APPENDIX 12B: Use the T-account approach to prepare a statement of cash flows.
	A Look at IFRS
13 Financial Analysis: The Big Picture
	It Pays to Be Patient
	LO 1: Apply the concept of sustainable income and quality of earnings.
		Sustainable Income
		Quality of Earnings
	LO 2: Apply horizontal analysis and vertical analysis.
		Horizontal Analysis
		Vertical Analysis
	LO 3: Analyze a company’s performance using ratio analysis.
		Price-Earnings Ratio
		Liquidity Ratios
		Solvency Ratios
		Profitability Ratios
	LO *4: APPENDIX 13A: Evaluate a company comprehensively using ratio analysis.
		Liquidity Ratios
		Solvency Ratios
		Profitability Ratios
	A Look at IFRS
14 Managerial Accounting
	Just Add Water . . . and Paddle
	LO 1: Identify the features of managerial accounting and the functions of management.
		Comparing Managerial and Financial Accounting
		Management Functions
		Organizational Structure
	LO 2: Describe the classes of manufacturing costs and the differences between product and period costs.
		Manufacturing Costs
		Product Versus Period Costs
		Illustration of Cost Concepts
	LO 3: Demonstrate how to compute cost of goods manufactured and prepare financial statements for a manufacturer.
		Income Statement
		Cost of Goods Manufactured
		Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule
		Balance Sheet
	LO 4: Discuss trends in managerial accounting.
		Service Industries
		Focus on the Value Chain
		Balanced Scorecard
		Business Ethics
		Corporate Social Responsibility
15 Job Order Costing
	Profiting from the Silver Screen
	LO 1: Describe cost systems and the flow of costs in a job order system.
		Process Cost System
		Job Order Cost System
		Job Order Cost Flow
		Accumulating Manufacturing Costs
	LO 2: Use a job cost sheet to assign costs to work in process.
		Raw Materials Costs
		Factory Labor Costs
	LO 3: Demonstrate how to determine and use the predetermined overhead rate.
	LO 4: Prepare entries for manufacturing and service jobs completed and sold.
		Assigning Costs to Finished Goods
		Assigning Costs to Cost of Goods Sold
		Summary of Job Order Cost Flows
		Job Order Costing for Service Companies
		Advantages and Disadvantages of Job Order Costing
	LO 5: Distinguish between under- and overapplied manufacturing overhead.
		Under- or Overapplied Manufacturing Overhead
16 Process Costing
	The Little Guy Who Could
	LO 1: Discuss the uses of a process cost system and how it compares to a job order system.
		Uses of Process Cost Systems
		Process Costing for Service Companies
		Similarities and Differences Between Job Order Cost and Process Cost Systems
	LO 2: Explain the flow of costs in a process cost system and the journal entries to assign manufacturing costs.
		Process Cost Flow
		Assigning Manufacturing Costs—Journal Entries
	LO 3: Compute equivalent units.
		Weighted-Average Method
		Refinements on the Weighted-Average Method
	LO 4: Complete the four steps to prepare a production cost report.
		Compute the Physical Unit Flow (Step 1)
		Compute the Equivalent Units of Production (Step 2)
		Compute Unit Production Costs (Step 3)
		Prepare a Cost Reconciliation Schedule (Step 4)
		Preparing the Production Cost Report
		Costing Systems—Final Comments
	LO *5: APPENDIX 16A: Compute equivalent units using the FIFO method.
		Equivalent Units Under FIFO
		Comprehensive Example
		FIFO and Weighted-Average
17 Activity-Based Costing
	Precor Is on Your Side
	LO 1: Discuss the difference between traditional costing and activity-based costing.
		Traditional Costing Systems
		Illustration of a Traditional Costing System
		The Need for a New Approach
		Activity-Based Costing
	LO 2: Apply activity-based costing to a manufacturer.
		Identify and Classify Activities and Assign Overhead to Cost Pools (Step 1)
		Identify Cost Drivers (Step 2)
		Compute Activity-Based Overhead Rates (Step 3)
		Allocate Overhead Costs to Products (Step 4)
		Comparing Unit Costs
	LO 3: Explain the benefits and limitations of activity-based costing.
		The Advantage of Multiple Cost Pools
		The Advantage of Enhanced Cost Control
		The Advantage of Better Management Decisions
		Some Limitations and Knowing When to Use ABC
	LO 4: Apply activity-based costing to service industries.
		Traditional Costing Example
		Activity-Based Costing Example
	LO *5: APPENDIX 17A: Explain just-in-time (JIT) processing.
		Objective of JIT Processing
		Elements of JIT Processing
		Benefits of JIT Processing
18 Cost-Volume-Profit
	Don’t Worry—Just Get Big
	LO 1: Explain variable, fixed, and mixed costs and the relevant range.
		Variable Costs
		Fixed Costs
		Relevant Range
		Mixed Costs
	LO 2: Apply the high-low method to determine the components of mixed costs.
		High-Low Method
		Importance of Identifying Variable and Fixed Costs
	LO 3: Prepare a CVP income statement to determine contribution margin.
		Basic Components
		CVP Income Statement
	LO 4: Compute the break-even point using three approaches.
		Mathematical Equation
		Contribution Margin Technique
		Graphic Presentation
	LO 5: Determine the sales required to earn target net income and determine margin of safety.
		Target Net Income
		Margin of Safety
19 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis: Additional Issues
	Not Even a Flood Could Stop It
	LO 1: Apply basic CVP concepts.
		Basic Concepts
		Basic Computations
		CVP and Changes in the Business Environment
	LO 2: Explain the term sales mix and its effects on break-even sales.
		Break-Even Sales in Units
		Break-Even Sales in Dollars
	LO 3: Determine sales mix when a company has limited resources.
	LO 4: Indicate how operating leverage affects profitability.
		Effect on Contribution Margin Ratio
		Effect on Break-Even Point
		Effect on Margin of Safety Ratio
		Operating Leverage
	LO *5: APPENDIX 19A: Explain the differences between absorption costing and variable costing.
		Example: Comparing Absorption Costing with Variable Costing
		Net Income Effects
		Decision-Making Concerns
		Potential Advantages of Variable Costing
20 Incremental Analysis
	Keeping It Clean
	LO 1: Describe management’s decision-making process and incremental analysis.
		Incremental Analysis Approach
		How Incremental Analysis Works
		Qualitative Factors
		Untitled
		Untitled
		Relationship of Incremental Analysis and Activity-Based Costing
		Types of Incremental Analysis
	LO 2: Analyze the relevant costs in accepting an order at a special price.
	LO 3: Analyze the relevant costs in a make-or-buy decision.
		Opportunity Cost
	LO 4: Analyze the relevant costs in determining whether to sell or process materials further.
		Single-Product Case
		Multiple-Product Case
	LO 5: Analyze the relevant costs to be considered in repairing, retaining, or replacing equipment.
	LO 6: Analyze the relevant costs in deciding whether to eliminate an unprofitable segment or product.
21 Budgetary Planning
	What’s in Your Cupcake?
	LO 1: State the essentials of effective budgeting and the components of the master budget.
		Budgeting and Accounting
		The Benefits of Budgeting
		Essentials of Effective Budgeting
		The Master Budget
	LO 2: Prepare budgets for sales, production, and direct materials.
		Sales Budget
		Production Budget
		Direct Materials Budget
	LO 3: Prepare budgets for direct labor, manufacturing overhead, and selling and administrative expenses, and a budgeted income statement.
		Direct Labor Budget
		Manufacturing Overhead Budget
		Selling and Administrative Expense Budget
		Budgeted Income Statement
	LO 4: Prepare a cash budget and a budgeted balance sheet.
		Cash Budget
		Budgeted Balance Sheet
	LO 5: Apply budgeting principles to nonmanufacturing companies.
		Merchandisers
		Service Companies
		Not-for-Profit Organizations
22 Budgetary Control and Responsibility Accounting
	Pumpkin Madeleines and a Movie
	LO 1: Describe budgetary control and static budget reports.
		Budgetary Control
		Static Budget Reports
	LO 2: Prepare flexible budget reports.
		Why Flexible Budgets?
		Developing the Flexible Budget
		Flexible Budget—A Case Study
		Flexible Budget Reports
	LO 3: Apply responsibility accounting to cost and profit centers.
		Controllable Versus Noncontrollable Revenues and Costs
		Principles of Performance Evaluation
		Responsibility Reporting System
		Types of Responsibility Centers
	LO 4: Evaluate performance in investment centers.
		Return on Investment (ROI)
		Responsibility Report
		Judgmental Factors in ROI
		Improving ROI
	LO *5: APPENDIX 22A: Explain the difference between ROI and residual income.
		Residual Income Compared to ROI
		Residual Income Weakness
23 Standard Costs and Balanced Scorecard
	80,000 Different Caffeinated Combinations
	LO 1: Describe standard costs.
		Distinguishing Between Standards and Budgets
		Setting Standard Costs
	LO 2: Determine direct materials variances.
		Analyzing and Reporting Variances
		Direct Materials Variances
	LO 3: Determine direct labor and total manufacturing overhead variances.
		Direct Labor Variances
		Manufacturing Overhead Variances
	LO 4: Prepare variance reports and balanced scorecards.
		Reporting Variances
		Income Statement Presentation of Variances
		Balanced Scorecard
	LO *5: APPENDIX 23A: Identify the features of a standard cost accounting system.
		Journal Entries
		Ledger Accounts
	LO *6: APPENDIX 23B: Compute overhead controllable and volume variances.
		Overhead Controllable Variance
		Overhead Volume Variance
24 Planning for Capital Investments
	Floating Hotels
	LO 1: Describe capital budgeting inputs and apply the cash payback technique.
		Cash Flow Information
		Illustrative Data
		Cash Payback
	LO 2: Use the net present value method.
		Equal Annual Cash Flows
		Unequal Annual Cash Flows
		Choosing a Discount Rate
		Simplifying Assumptions
		Comprehensive Example
	LO 3: Identify capital budgeting challenges and refinements.
		Intangible Benefits
		Profitability Index for Mutually Exclusive Projects
		Risk Analysis
		Post-Audit of Investment Projects
	LO 4: Use the internal rate of return method.
		Comparing Discounted Cash Flow Methods
	LO 5: Use the annual rate of return method.
A Specimen Financial Statements: Apple Inc.
B Specimen Financial Statements: Columbia Sportswear Company
C Specimen Financial Statements: VF Corporation
D Specimen Financial Statements: Amazon.com, Inc.
E Specimen Financial Statements:Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
F Specimen Financial Statements: Louis Vuitton
G Time Value of Money
	LO 1: Compute interest and future values
		Nature of Interest
		Future Value of a Single Amount
		Future Value of an Annuity
	LO 2: Compute present values.
		Present Value Variables
		Present Value of a Single Amount
		Present Value of an Annuity
		Time Periods and Discounting
		Present Value of a Long-Term Note or Bond
	LO 3: Use a financial calculator to solve time value of money problems.
		Present Value of a Single Sum
		Present Value of an Annuity
		Useful Applications of the Financial Calculator
H Reporting and Analyzing Investments
	LO 1: Explain how to account for debt investments
		Why Corporations Invest
		Accounting for Debt Investments
	LO 2: Explain how to account for stock investments.
		Holdings of Less than 20%
		Holdings Between 20% and 50%
		Holdings of More than 50%
	LO 3: Discuss how debt and stock investments are reported in the financial statements
		Categories of Securities
		Balance Sheet Presentation
		Presentation of Realized and Unrealized Gain or Loss
		Statement of Cash Flows Presentation
*I Payroll Accounting
	LO 1: Record the payroll for a pay period.
		Determining the Payroll
		Recording the Payroll
	LO 2: Record employer payroll taxes.
		FICA Taxes
		Federal Unemployment Taxes
		State Unemployment Taxes
		Recording Employer Payroll Taxes
		Filing and Remitting Payroll Taxes
	LO 3: Discuss the objectives of internal control for payrol
*J Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals
	LO 1: Describe the nature and purpose of asubsidiary ledger
		Subsidiary Ledger Example
		Advantages of Subsidiary Ledgers
	LO 2: Record transactions in special journals.
		Sales Journal
		Cash Receipts Journal
		Purchases Journal
		Cash Payments Journal
		Effects of Special Journals on the General Journal
		Cyber Security: A Final Comment
K Accounting for Partnerships
	LO 1: Discuss and account for the formation of a partnerships
		Characteristics of Partnerships
		Organizations with Partnerships
		Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnerships
		The Partnership Agreement
		Accounting for a Partnership Formation
	LO 2: Explain how to account for net income or net loss of a partnership
		Dividing Net Income or Net Loss
		Partnership Financial Statements
	LO 3: Explain how to account for the liquidation of a partnerships
		No Capital Deficiency
		Capital Deficiency
	LO 4: Prepare Journal entries when a partner is either admitted or withdraws
		Admission of a Partner
		Withdrawal of a Partner
*L Accounting for Sole Proprietorships
	LO 1: Identify the differences in equity accounts between a corporation and a sole proprietorship.
	LO 2: Understand what accounts increase and decrease owner’s equity.
		Owner’s Equity in a Sole Proprietorship
		Recording Transactions of a Proprietorship
	LO 3: Describe the differences between a retained earnings statement and an owner’s equity statement.
	LO 4: Explain the process of closing the books for a sole proprietorship
		Preparing a Post-Closing Trail Balance for a Proprietorship
M Pricing
LO 1: Compute a target cost when the market determines a product price.
	Target Costing
LO 2: Compute a target selling price using cost-plus pricing.
	Cost-Plus Pricing
	Variable-Cost Pricing
LO 3: Use time-and-material pricing to determine the cost of services provided.
LO 4: Determine a transfer price using the negotiated, cost-based, and market-based approaches
	Negotiated Transfer Prices
	Cost-Based Transfer Prices
	Market-Based Transfer Prices
	Effect of Outsourcing on Transfer Pricing
	Transfers Between Divisions in Different Countries
LO 5: Determine prices using absorption-cost pricing and variable-cost pricing.
	Absorption-Cost Pricing
	Variable-Cost Pricing
Company Index
Subject Index
EULA