Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 2: Vegetable Crops

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Major Paradigm Shifts in Potato Breeding
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Early Efforts in Potato Breeding
	1.3 Constraints in Potato Breeding
	1.4 Potato Breeding Programme
	1.5 Methods to Accelerate Potato Breeding
		1.5.1 Marker-Assisted Breeding
		1.5.2 Diploid Hybrid Breeding
		1.5.3 Speed Breeding
		1.5.4 Genomic Selection
		1.5.5 Genome Editing
	References
Chapter 2: A Rapid Disease Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Breeding for Resistance to Fungal Pathogens
		2.2.1 Late Blight (LB)
		2.2.2 Early Blight
		2.2.3 Leaf Mold
		2.2.4 Anthracnose
		2.2.5 Powdery Mildew
		2.2.6 Fusarium Wilt
		2.2.7 Verticillium Wilt
		2.2.8 Septoria Leaf Spot
		2.2.9 Grey Leaf Spot
	2.3 Breeding for Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes
	2.4 Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Diseases
		2.4.1 Bacterial Wilt
		2.4.2 Bacterial Speck
		2.4.3 Bacterial Canker
		2.4.4 Bacterial Spot
	2.5 Breeding for Resistance to Viral Diseases
		2.5.1 Tomato Leaf Curl Disease/Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease
			2.5.1.1 Breeding for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Disease
		2.5.2 Bud Necrosis Disease of Tomato
			2.5.2.1 Resistance Breeding to Bud Necrosis Disease
		2.5.3 Tomato Mosaic Virus (Tomv) Resistance
	2.6 Development of Multiple Disease-Resistant Advanced Breeding Lines
	2.7 Development of Tomato F1 Hybrids with Multiple Disease Resistance
	2.8 Breeding Tomatoes for Processing Quality with Resistance to Diseases
	References
Chapter 3: Improvement of Onion Through Accelerated Approaches
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Shortening of Biennial Life Cycle
	3.3 Production of Doubled Haploids
		3.3.1 Methods of DH Induction
			3.3.1.1 Androgenesis
			3.3.1.2 Gynogenesis
				3.3.1.2.1 Genotype
				3.3.1.2.2 Geographic Background of Genotype
				3.3.1.2.3 Pretreatment
				3.3.1.2.4 Nature of Explant
				3.3.1.2.5 Media Composition
			3.3.1.3 Chromosome Doubling
	3.4 Marker-Assisted Selection
		3.4.1 Development of Male Sterile Lines
		3.4.2 Quality Traits
	3.5 Genomic Resources for Marker Development and Gene Discovery
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4: Rapid Methods for Onion Breeding
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Haploid Induction
		4.2.1 Chromosome Doubling, Recovery, and Determination of Haploidy
		4.2.2 Genetics and Evaluation of DH Lines
		4.2.3 Application of DH Lines in Onion Genomic Research
	4.3 Genetic Diversity
	4.4 Linkage Maps
	4.5 Marker-Assisted Selection: Male Sterility
	4.6 Genetic Transformation
	4.7 Biotic Stress
	4.8 Shuttle Breeding
	References
Chapter 5: Accelerated Improvement of Cole Vegetable Crops
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Breeding Objectives in Cole Vegetables
	5.3 Understanding Evolutionary Process of Cole Vegetables
	5.4 Genetic Diversity and Exploring Wild Relatives
	5.5 Genetic Mechanisms for Hybrid Breeding
		5.5.1 Self-Incompatibility
		5.5.2 Male Sterility
		5.5.3 Combining Ability Studies
		5.5.4 Heterosis Breeding
			5.5.4.1 Hybrids/Varieties Developed in Cole Vegetables in India
	5.6 Resistance Breeding
	5.7 Breeding for Heat Tolerance
	5.8 Breeding for Quality Traits
		5.8.1 Breeding for Selective Increase of Glucosinolates
		5.8.2 Beta-carotene Biofortification
		5.8.3 Anthocyanin Biofortification
	5.9 Innovative Techniques in Cole Vegetables
		5.9.1 Marker-Assisted Breeding
		5.9.2 Transgenics in Cole Crops
		5.9.3 Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing
		5.9.4 TILLING and EcoTILLING
		5.9.5 SNPs Discovery and Use in Genotyping Platforms
		5.9.6 CRISPR/Cas9 in Cole Crops
	References
Chapter 6: Marker-Assisted Selection in Pea Breeding
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Molecular Markers
		6.2.1 Ideal Molecular Marker
	6.3 Molecular Mapping in Pea
	6.4 New Molecular Breeding Strategies
		6.4.1 Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MAB)
		6.4.2 Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding (MAGP)
		6.4.3 Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS)
		6.4.4 Genome Selection
	6.5 Examples of MAS in Pea Breeding
	6.6 Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 7: Efficient Methods for the Improvement of Temperate Root Vegetables
	7.1 Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)
		7.1.1 Introduction and Importance
		7.1.2 Crop History
		7.1.3 Improvement of Beetroot
		7.1.4 Genetics of Beetroot
		7.1.5 Major Breeding Objectives
		7.1.6 Genetic Resources
		7.1.7 Strategies Methods of Improvement
			7.1.7.1 Mass Selection
			7.1.7.2 Heterosis and Male Sterility
			7.1.7.3 Mutation Breeding
			7.1.7.4 Hybrid Seed Production
			7.1.7.5 Polyploidy Breeding
			7.1.7.6 Use of Biotechnology in Beetroot
		7.1.8 Commercial Seed Production
	7.2 Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
		7.2.1 Introduction and Importance
		7.2.2 Germplasm Resources and Management
		7.2.3 Crop Improvement
		7.2.4 Major Breeding Objectives
		7.2.5 Development of Cultivar
		7.2.6 Strategies and Methods of Improvement
			7.2.6.1 Mass Selection
			7.2.6.2 Hybrid Breeding
				7.2.6.2.1 Use of Male Sterility in Hybrid Development and Its Maintenance
			7.2.6.3 Synthetics
			7.2.6.4 Recurrent Selection
			7.2.6.5 Backcross Method
		7.2.7 Breeding for Quality Traits
		7.2.8 Use of Biotechnology
		7.2.9 Commercial Seed Production
	7.3 Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
		7.3.1 Crop History and Importance
		7.3.2 Major Breeding Objectives
		7.3.3 Crop Improvement and Taxonomy
		7.3.4 Hybrid Development
		7.3.5 Strategies and Methods of Improvement
			7.3.5.1 Genes Involved in Bolting and Flowering Network in Radish
			7.3.5.2 Male Sterility and Fertility Restorer Genes
			7.3.5.3 Hybrid Breeding
			7.3.5.4 Hybrid Seed Production
			7.3.5.5 Mutation Breeding
			7.3.5.6 Use of Biotechnology
		7.3.6 Commercial Seed Production
	7.4 Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
		7.4.1 Crop History and Importance
		7.4.2 Major Breeding Objectives
		7.4.3 Strategies and Methods of Crop Improvement
			7.4.3.1 Heterosis Breeding
			7.4.3.2 Intergeneric Hybridization
			7.4.3.3 Synthetic Varieties
			7.4.3.4 Composites
			7.4.3.5 Use of Biotechnology
	References
Chapter 8: Rapid Methods of Improvement in Brinjal
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Germplasm Characterization and Utilization
	8.3 Exploitation of Wild Species
	8.4 Development of Molecular Markers and Their Use
		8.4.1 Use of Molecular Markers
	8.5 Development of Haploids
	8.6 Development and Use of Male Sterility
	8.7 Parthenocarpy
	8.8 Genetic Transformation
	8.9 Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 9: Conventional and Contemporary Approaches to Enhance Efficiency in Breeding Chilli/Hot Pepper
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Botany
	9.3 Origin, Evolution and Domestication
	9.4 Genetic Resource
	9.5 Cytogenetics
	9.6 Genetics
		9.6.1 Qualitative Traits
		9.6.2 Quantitative Traits
	9.7 Breeding Objectives
	9.8 Breeding Methods
		9.8.1 Conventional Methods
			9.8.1.1 Mass Selection
			9.8.1.2 Pure-Line Selection
			9.8.1.3 Pedigree Method
			9.8.1.4 Single Seed Descent Method
			9.8.1.5 Backcross Breeding
			9.8.1.6 Recurrent Selection
			9.8.1.7 Heterosis Breeding
		9.8.2 Nonconventional Breeding Methods
			9.8.2.1 Distant Hybridization
			9.8.2.2 Mutation Breeding
			9.8.2.3 Biotechnology Tools
				9.8.2.3.1 Tissue Culture
				9.8.2.3.2 Genetic Transformation
				9.8.2.3.3 Doubled Haploids
	9.9 Major Cultivar Options in Chilli
	9.10 Hybrid Development
		9.10.1 Non-CMS-Based Hybrid Development
		9.10.2 Male Sterility-Based Hybrid Development
			9.10.2.1 Genetic Male Sterility (GMS)
			9.10.2.2 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)
	9.11 Stress Resistance Breeding
		9.11.1 Biotic Stress Breeding
		9.11.2 Abiotic Stress
	9.12 Quality Breeding
	9.13 Genomics and Molecular Approaches
	9.14 Future Prospectus
	References
Chapter 10: Accelerated Breeding in Cucumber Using Genomic Approaches
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Taxonomy and Genomic Structure
	10.3 Floral Biology and Sex Expression
	10.4 Breeding Behaviour of Cucumber
	10.5 Genomics-Based Strategies for Accelerated Breeding in Cucumber
		10.5.1 Utilization of Wild Species in Broadening the Genetic Base
			10.5.1.1 Genetic and Molecular Basis of Bitterness in Cucumber
		10.5.2 Rapid Development of Cucumber Genotypes with Resistance to Major Biotic Stresses
			10.5.2.1 Downy Mildew
			10.5.2.2 Powdery Mildew
				10.5.2.2.1 Inheritance
				10.5.2.2.2 Genetic Resources and Molecular Characterization of Resistant Genotypes
			10.5.2.3 Anthracnose
	10.6 Rapid Development of Inbreds and Creation of Genetic Diversity
	10.7 Rapid Development of Genotypes with Desirable Agronomic Traits Through Marker-Assisted Back-Crossing
	10.8 Rapid Generation Cycling Using Greenhouse and Protected Structures and In Vitro Culture
	10.9 Future Strategies
	References
Chapter 11: Advances in Improvement of Pumpkin and Squashes
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Germplasm Characterization
	11.3 Utilization of Cucurbita Species in Hybridization
	11.4 Breeding Objectives
		11.4.1 Yield
		11.4.2 Quality
		11.4.3 Shelf Life
		11.4.4 Hull-Less Seed
		11.4.5 Abiotic Stress Resistance
		11.4.6 Virus Resistance
		11.4.7 Disease Resistance
		11.4.8 Insect Resistance
	11.5 Molecular Markers Development and Their Utilization
	11.6 Development of Doubled Haploids
	11.7 Transcriptome Sequencing for Better Understanding of Genetics and Biology
	11.8 Genetic Modification and Transformation
	11.9 Future Breeding Tools to Accelerate Improvement Programmes
	11.10 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12: Accelerated Breeding in Okra
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Speeding Up of Selection Generations in Conventional Breeding
		12.2.1 Flowering Manipulation
		12.2.2 Doubled Haploids
		12.2.3 Early Multilocation Trials
		12.2.4 Marker-Assisted Selection
		12.2.5 Heterosis Breeding
	12.3 Nonconventional Breeding Methods
		12.3.1 Mutation Breeding
		12.3.2 Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation
	12.4 Conclusion
	12.5 Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 13: New Initiatives in Quick Bitter Gourd Breeding
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Morphology of Momordica charantia L.
	13.3 Reproductive Biology
	13.4 Floral Biology
	13.5 Flowering and Pollination
	13.6 Sex Expression and Modification
	13.7 Molecular Marker Studies in Bitter Gourd
	13.8 Genomic Studies in Bitter Gourd
	13.9 Transcriptomic Studies in Bitter Gourd
	13.10 Future Strategies
	References
Chapter 14: Principles and Techniques for Rapid Improvement of Muskmelon for Yield, Fruit Quality and Resistance to Biotic Stresses
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Origin and Evolution
	14.3 Horticultural Groupings of Melon
	14.4 Genetic Diversity for Fruit Traits
	14.5 Breeding Objectives and Commercial Varieties
	14.6 Molecular Mapping of Important Horticultural Traits
	14.7 Molecular Breeding for Fruit Quality Improvement
	14.8 Molecular Breeding for High β-Carotene Content
	14.9 Gene Expression and Molecular Changes During Ripening
	14.10 In Vitro Culture
	14.11 Genetic Engineering for Fruit Quality Improvements
	14.12 Biotic Stress Resistance in Muskmelon
		14.12.1 Powdery Mildew
		14.12.2 Downy Mildew
		14.12.3 Fusarium Wilt
			14.12.3.1 Marker-Assisted Breeding for Resistance Against Fusarium Wilt
		14.12.4 Gummy Stem Blight
		14.12.5 Viruses
		14.12.6 Insect-Pests
	14.13 Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance
	References
Chapter 15: Accelerated Breeding of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] for Improved Yield and Pest Resistance
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Genetic Diversity and Taxonomy
	15.3 Genetics
	15.4 Improved Varieties of Cowpea
	15.5 Breeding Cowpea for Pest Resistance
		15.5.1 Cowpea Golden Mosaic Disease Resistance
		15.5.2 Cercospora Resistance
		15.5.3 Anthracnose Resistance
		15.5.4 Bruchid Resistance
		15.5.5 Pod Borer Resistance
	15.6 Tissue Culture Plant Regeneration Protocols for Cowpea
	15.7 Embryo Rescue
	15.8 Genomics-Assisted Breeding
	15.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16: Recent Trends in Sweet Pepper Breeding
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Crop Biology
	16.3 Breeding Objectives
	16.4 Heterosis Breeding
	16.5 Disease Resistance Breeding
		16.5.1 Phytophthora Rot
		16.5.2 Powdery Mildew
		16.5.3 Anthracnose in Sweet Pepper
	16.6 Rootstock Breeding in Capsicum
	16.7 Marker-Assisted Breeding
	16.8 Haploid Production
	16.9 Transgenics
	References
Index