A university course in English grammar

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
DEDICATIONS......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
FOREWORD......Page 12
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION......Page 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 16
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
TABLE OF NOTATIONAL SYMBOLS......Page 22
1. BASIC CONCEPTS......Page 24
MODULE 1. LANGUAGE AND MEANING......Page 26
MODULE 2. LINGUISTIC FORMS AND SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS......Page 32
MODULE 3. NEGATION AND EXPANSION......Page 44
2. THE SKELETON OF THE MESSAGE: INTRODUCTION TO CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 55
MODULE 4. SYNTACTIC ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURES OF THE CLAUSE......Page 57
MODULE 5. SUBJECT AND PREDICATOR......Page 65
MODULE 6. DIRECT, INDIRECT AND PREPOSITIONAL OBJECTS......Page 73
MODULE 7. SUBJECT AND OBJECT COMPLEMENTS......Page 87
MODULE 8. ADJUNCTS (A)......Page 92
3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MESSAGE: COMPLEMENTATION OF THE VERB......Page 104
MODULE 9. INTRANSITIVE AND COPULAR PATTERNS......Page 108
MODULE 10. TRANSITIVE PATTERNS......Page 113
MODULE 11. COMPLEMENTATION BY FINITE CLAUSES......Page 123
MODULE 12. COMPLEMENTATION BY NON-FINITE CLAUSES......Page 131
4. CONCEPTUALISING PATTERNS OF EXPERIENCE: PROCESSES, PARTICIPANTS, CIRCUMSTANCES......Page 143
MODULE 13. CONCEPTUALISING EXPERIENCES EXPRESSEDAS SITUATION TYPES......Page 145
MODULE 14. MATERIAL PROCESSES OF DOING AND HAPPENING......Page 151
MODULE 15. CAUSATIVE PROCESSES......Page 155
MODULE 16. PROCESSES OF TRANSFER......Page 160
MODULE 17. CONCEPTUALISING WHAT WE THINK, PERCEIVE AND FEEL......Page 162
MODULE 18. RELATIONAL PROCESSES OF BEING AND BECOMING......Page 167
MODULE 19. PROCESSES OF SAYING, BEHAVING AND EXISTING......Page 174
MODULE 20. EXPRESSING ATTENDANT CIRCUMSTANCES......Page 178
MODULE 21. CONCEPTUALISING EXPERIENCES FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE: NOMINALISATION AND GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR......Page 183
5. INTERACTION BETWEEN SPEAKER AND HEARER: LINKING SPEECH ACTS AND GRAMMAR......Page 197
MODULE 22. SPEECH ACTS AND CLAUSE TYPES......Page 199
MODULE 23. THE DECLARATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE CLAUSE TYPES......Page 203
MODULE 24. THE EXCLAMATIVE AND IMPERATIVE CLAUSE TYPES......Page 213
MODULE 25. INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS, CLAUSE TYPES AND DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS......Page 220
MODULE 26. QUESTIONS, CLAUSE TYPES AND DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS......Page 224
MODULE 27. DIRECTIVES: GETTING PEOPLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIONS......Page 228
6. ORGANISING THE MESSAGE: THEMATIC AND INFORMATION STRUCTURES OF THE CLAUSE......Page 243
MODULE 28. THEME: THE POINT OF DEPARTURE OF THE MESSAGE......Page 245
MODULE 29. THE DISTRIBUTION AND FOCUS OF INFORMATION......Page 261
MODULE 30. THE INTERPLAY OF THEME-RHEME AND GIVEN-NEW......Page 269
7. EXPANDING THE MESSAGE: CLAUSE COMBINATIONS......Page 293
MODULE 31. CLAUSE COMBINING......Page 295
MODULE 32. TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLAUSES......Page 300
MODULE 33. ELABORATING THE MESSAGE......Page 304
MODULE 34. EXTENDING THE MESSAGE......Page 308
MODULE 35. ENHANCING THE MESSAGE......Page 313
MODULE 36. REPORTING SPEECH AND THOUGHT......Page 322
8. TALKING ABOUT EVENTS: THE VERBAL GROUP......Page 338
MODULE 37. EXPRESSING OUR EXPERIENCE OF EVENTS......Page 340
MODULE 38. BASIC STRUCTURES OF THE VERBAL GROUP......Page 346
MODULE 39. ORGANISING OUR EXPERIENCE OF EVENTS......Page 354
MODULE 40. THE SEMANTICS OF PHRASAL VERBS......Page 359
9. VIEWPOINTS ON EVENTS: TENSE, ASPECT AND MODALITY......Page 373
MODULE 41. EXPRESSING LOCATION IN TIME THROUGH THE VERB: TENSE......Page 375
MODULE 42. PAST EVENTS AND PRESENT TIME CONNECTED: PERSENT PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT......Page 384
MODULE 43. SITUATION TYPES AND THE PROGRESSIVE ASPECT......Page 392
MODULE 44. EXPRESSING ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE EVENT: MODALITY......Page 402
10. TALKING ABOUT PEOPLE AND THINGS: THE NOMINAL GROUP......Page 422
MODULE 45. EXPRESSING OUR EXPERIENCE OF PEOPLE AND THINGS......Page 424
MODULE 46. REFERRING TO PEOPLE AND THINGS AS DEFINITE, INDEFINITE, GENERIC......Page 440
MODULE 47. SELECTING AND PARTICULARISING THE REFERENT: THE DETERMINER......Page 446
MODULE 48. DESCRIBING AND CLASSIFYING THE REFERENT: THE PRE-MODIDIER......Page 458
MODULE 49. IDENTIFYING AND ELABORATING THE REFERENT: THE POST-MODIFIER......Page 469
MODULE 50. NOUN COMPLEMENT CLAUSES......Page 480
11. DESCRIBING PERSONS, THINGS AND CIRCUMSTANCES: ADJECTIVAL AND ADVERBIAL GROUPS......Page 496
MODULE 51. ADJECTIVES AND THE ADJECTIVAL GROUP......Page 498
MODULE 52. DEGREES OF COMPARISON AND INTENSIFICATION......Page 507
MODULE 53. COMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADJECTIVE......Page 517
MODULE 54. ADVERBS AND THE ADVERBIAL GROUP......Page 525
MODULE 55. SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF ADVERBS AND ADVERBIAL GROUPS......Page 531
MODULE 56. MODIFICATION AND COMPLEMENTATION IN THE ADVERBIAL GROUP......Page 538
12. SPATIAL, TEMPORAL AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS: THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE......Page 552
MODULE 57. PREPOSITIONS AND THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (PP)......Page 554
MODULE 58. SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE......Page 563
MODULE 59. SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE......Page 569
MODULE 60. STRANDED PREPOSITIONS; DISCONTINUOUS PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES......Page 579
ANSWER KEY......Page 587
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 614
INDEX......Page 619