A short history of Soviet socialism

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 8
Preface......Page 9
Introduction......Page 10
Notes......Page 13
PART ONE The genesis of Soviet socialism......Page 14
The origins of socialism......Page 15
The Founding Fathers: Marx and Engels on socialism and communism......Page 17
The future society: an overview......Page 18
The future society: the “lower” phase......Page 20
The future society: the “higher phase”......Page 23
Marx on socialism and communism: a summary and interpretation......Page 25
Friedrich Engels......Page 27
Socialism in Russia: Lenin, Bolshevism and Russian social-democracy......Page 30
Russian social-democracy......Page 31
Summary: Soviet socialism before the revolution......Page 42
Notes......Page 44
PART TWO The emergence of a Soviet model: from the revolution to NEP......Page 50
CHAPTER TWO The revolutionary settlement: state capitalism, technocracy and the transition to socialism......Page 51
The economics of state capitalism......Page 52
Ownership: the meaning of nationalization......Page 53
Control of the economy: centralization v. democratization......Page 54
Organization and control of the national economy......Page 55
Management of industrial enterprises......Page 57
Labour Policy......Page 59
The agricultural sector under state capitalism......Page 60
All power to the Soviets?......Page 62
The repressive organs: the army and the CHEKA......Page 65
Rights and freedoms under the dictatorship of the proletariat......Page 66
Building a one-party state?......Page 68
Social policy—aspects of egalitarianism......Page 70
The norms and values of Bolshevism......Page 71
Two future chickens: state capitalism and Soviet power in Bolshevik ideology......Page 73
Notes......Page 75
CHAPTER THREE War communism and Soviet Socialism: a technocratic orthodoxy?......Page 80
Industry and economic organization: patterns of ownership and control......Page 81
Patterns of distribution: trade, finance and allocations......Page 83
One-man management, expertise and hierarchy......Page 84
Labour policy: mobilization, militarization and the statification of the trade unions......Page 86
The triumph of technocracy: Taylorism, scientific management and GOELRO......Page 88
The emergence of Soviet planning......Page 90
Agriculture under war communism......Page 91
The politics of war communism......Page 92
Coercion, authoritarianism and the militarization of the Soviet state......Page 93
Bureaucratization, centralization and the demise of local autonomy......Page 94
The communist party: building a one-party state?......Page 95
The (Less) politics of war communism......Page 98
Equality and inequality under war communism......Page 100
Instilling a new worldview: education, propaganda and the debate over proletarian culture......Page 102
War communism—details and debates......Page 104
War communism and Soviet socialism: a model of Soviet socialism?......Page 107
The theoretical basis of Soviet socialism: statism, technocracy, productivism and collectivism......Page 108
The economics of Soviet socialism......Page 109
The politics of Soviet socialism......Page 112
Socio-cultural aspects of Soviet socialism......Page 116
Notes......Page 117
The genesis of NEP......Page 123
Prodnalog, food policy and the agricultural sector......Page 125
The industrial sector: trustification and commercialization......Page 127
Labour, management and trade unions......Page 129
The politics of NEP......Page 130
The one-party state: pluralism and dissent, within and without......Page 131
From democratic centralism to bureaucratic centralism......Page 133
Terror, coercion and the law......Page 136
Egalitarianism and inegalitarianism: social and economic aspects......Page 137
Culture and education under NEP......Page 140
NEP and the politics of the worker-peasant smychka: March-October 1921......Page 142
NEP: from frontal assault to slow siege: October 1921–January 1923......Page 144
NEP and “On co-operation”: a note......Page 149
NEP and the economics of Soviet socialism......Page 150
NEP and the politics of Soviet socialism......Page 153
Conclusion: the Soviet model of socialism......Page 154
Notes......Page 155
Bolshevism after Lenin: unitarian or trinitarian?......Page 160
Bukharinism and Soviet socialism......Page 161
Trotsky and Preobrazhensky......Page 164
The emergence of a Stalinist model......Page 166
“Like a cat avoiding hot porridge”: Stalin, Trotsky and “socialism in one country”......Page 167
Soviet socialism and Stalin: theorizing self-sufficiency......Page 169
Notes......Page 176
PART THREE  Orthodoxy in power: from Stalin to Brezhnev......Page 179
Content and context......Page 180
A centrally planned economy?......Page 182
The organization of the economy......Page 183
Management, labour and specialists......Page 184
The collectivization of Soviet agriculture......Page 187
The social structure of Stalinist socialism: class struggle and inequality......Page 191
The normative basis of Soviet socialism: nationalism, tradition, socialist realism and heroic individualism......Page 195
The politics of Stalinism: party, state and society in the era of terror......Page 197
State and society......Page 198
The Communist Party under Stalin......Page 201
The “extraordinary” politics of Stalinism......Page 204
Theoretical renewal under Stalin......Page 207
Soviet socialism under Stalin 1929–41......Page 208
The economics of Soviet Stalinist “socialism”......Page 209
The politics of Soviet Stalinist “socialism”......Page 210
Notes......Page 211
Contextualizing the Khrushchev era: the theory and practice of mature Stalinism 1939–53......Page 219
The politics of Stalin’s death......Page 223
The CPSU: renewing the Leninist vanguard?......Page 225
Coercion, legality and the rule of law......Page 229
The growth of public self-government......Page 230
Equality and Khrushchev: the promotion of less inequality......Page 232
The normative basis of socialism under Khrushchev......Page 235
Khrushchev and Soviet agriculture......Page 240
The operation of Soviet agriculture: plant more, plough more, pay more......Page 241
Khrushchev and Soviet industry......Page 243
The structure and operation of the economy: sovnarkhozy and central planning under Khrushchev......Page 244
Management and labour under Khrushchev: reviving the trade unions?......Page 247
Ideological and theoretical renewal under Khrushchev......Page 248
Socialism and communism, in the Third Party Programme......Page 251
The economics of Soviet socialism......Page 254
Socio-cultural aspects of Soviet socialism......Page 255
Notes......Page 256
Introduction......Page 261
The de-Khrushchevization of Soviet society 1964–71......Page 262
The economics of Developed Socialism......Page 268
Industry under Developed Socialism......Page 269
The politics of Developed Socialism......Page 270
State, society and the individual......Page 272
Society and culture of Developed Socialism......Page 275
The normative basis of Developed Socialism: détente, militarism, Russian nationalism and nostalgia......Page 277
Developed Socialism and the Soviet model......Page 280
Postscript: Developed Socialism after Brezhnev......Page 282
Notes......Page 284
PART FOUR  The demise of scientific socialism......Page 288
Introduction......Page 289
Why a new concept of socialism?......Page 290
The decline and fall of Developed Socialism......Page 291
The theory and practice of perestroika......Page 294
Perestroika and Developing Socialism......Page 300
Humane Democratic Socialism: an emperor with no clothes?......Page 303
Humane Democratic Socialism: the socialist vision......Page 304
The economics of Humane Democratic Socialism......Page 306
From central planning to the regulated market economy......Page 307
From state ownership to a mixed economy: patterns of ownership and control......Page 309
The CPSU under HDS: from vanguard to parliamentary party......Page 310
Individual rights and state power under HDS......Page 312
The socio-cultural sphere under HDS......Page 313
The draft party programme of August 1991: the social-democratization of Bolshevism......Page 323
Humane Democratic Socialism in historical perspective......Page 325
Notes......Page 328
Soviet socialism in historical perspective......Page 334
Notes......Page 339
Chronology of party conferences and congresses......Page 340
Chronology of main ideological texts of Soviet socialism......Page 342
Select bibliography......Page 346
Index......Page 356