A Real-Time Approach to Process Control

A Real-Time Approach to Process Control......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 15
Endorsement......Page 17
About the Authors......Page 19
1.1 Control......Page 21
1.2 Simulation......Page 23
1.3 References......Page 30
2.1 Control System Components......Page 33
2.2 Primary Elements......Page 34
2.3 Final Control Elements......Page 50
2.4 References......Page 70
3.1 Open-Loop Control......Page 71
3.2 Disturbances......Page 72
3.3 Feedback Control Overview......Page 73
3.4 Feedback Control: A Closer Look......Page 76
3.5 Process Attributes: Capacitance and Dead Time......Page 81
3.6 Process Dynamic Response......Page 91
3.7 Process Modelling and Simulation......Page 93
3.8 References......Page 112
4.1 On---Off Control......Page 113
4.2 Proportional (P-Only) Control......Page 115
4.3 Integral (I-Only) Control......Page 121
4.4 Proportional Plus Integral (PI) Control......Page 124
4.5 Derivative Action......Page 125
4.6 Proportional Plus Derivative (PD) Controller......Page 127
4.7 Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control......Page 130
4.8 Choosing the Correct Controller......Page 131
4.9 Controller Hardware......Page 133
4.10 References......Page 135
5.1 Quality of Control and Optimisation......Page 137
5.2 Tuning Methods......Page 142
5.3 References......Page 150
6.1 Cascade Control......Page 151
6.2 Feedforward Control......Page 155
6.3 Ratio Control......Page 158
6.4 Override Control (Auto Selectors)......Page 160
6.5 References......Page 166
7.1 Flow Loops......Page 167
7.2 Liquid Pressure Loops......Page 169
7.3 Liquid Level Control......Page 171
7.4 Gas Pressure Loops......Page 182
7.5 Temperature Control Loops......Page 183
7.7 Compressor Control......Page 190
7.8 Boiler Control......Page 197
7.9 References......Page 200
8.1 Basic Terms......Page 203
8.2 Steady-State and Dynamic Degrees of Freedom......Page 204
8.3 Control System Objectives and Design Considerations......Page 206
8.4 Methodology for Selection of a Controller Structure......Page 208
8.5 Level, Pressure, Temperature and Composition Control......Page 210
8.6 Optimizing Control......Page 218
8.7 Distillation Control Scheme Design Using Steady-State Models......Page 222
8.8 Distillation Control Scheme Design Using Dynamic Models......Page 233
8.9 References......Page 234
9.1 Variable Pairing......Page 235
9.2 The Relative Gain Array......Page 236
9.4 Decoupling Control Loops......Page 241
9.6 Practical Examples......Page 243
9.8 References......Page 254
10.1 Short-Term versus Long-Term Control Focus......Page 257
10.2 Cascaded Units......Page 259
10.3 Recycle Streams......Page 261
10.4 General Considerations for Plant-Wide Control......Page 266
10.5 References......Page 267
1 P&ID Symbols......Page 269
2 Glossary of Terms......Page 273
A2.1 Reference......Page 279
Workshops......Page 281
1 Learning Through Doing......Page 285
2 Feedback Control Loop Concepts......Page 289
3 Process Capacity and Dead Time......Page 295
4 Feedback Control......Page 303
5 Controller Tuning for Capacity and Dead Time Processes......Page 311
6 Topics in Advanced Control......Page 317
7 Distillation Control......Page 327
8 Plant Operability and Controllability......Page 335
Index......Page 343