A People and a Nation: A History of the United States, 8th Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Brief Contents......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Maps......Page 15
Figures......Page 16
Links to the World......Page 17
Legacy for a People and a Nation......Page 18
Preface......Page 19
About the Authors......Page 24
1 Three Old Worlds Create a New, 1492–1600......Page 27
American Societies......Page 30
North America in 1492......Page 32
African Societies......Page 35
European Societies......Page 38
Early European Explorations......Page 41
Voyages of Columbus, Cabot, and Their Successors......Page 43
Spanish Exploration and Conquest......Page 47
The Columbian Exchange......Page 49
Links to the World: Maize......Page 52
Europeans in North America......Page 53
Summary......Page 55
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 56
2 Europeans Colonize North America, 1600–1650......Page 57
Spanish, French, and Dutch North America......Page 60
The Caribbean......Page 63
Links to the World: Wampum......Page 64
English Interest in Colonization......Page 66
The Founding of Virginia......Page 68
Life in the Chesapeake......Page 71
The Founding of New England......Page 74
Life in New England......Page 80
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Blue Laws......Page 82
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 83
3 North America in the Atlantic World, 1650–1720......Page 85
The Growth of Anglo-American Settlements......Page 88
A Decade of Imperial Crises: The 1670s......Page 94
The Atlantic Trading System......Page 98
Slavery in North America and the Caribbean......Page 104
Imperial Reorganization and the Witchcraft Crisis......Page 107
Links to the World: Exotic Beverages......Page 108
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Americans of African Descent......Page 112
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 113
4 American Society Transformed, 1720–1770......Page 115
Population Growth and Ethnic Diversity......Page 118
Economic Growth and Development......Page 124
Colonial Cultures......Page 128
Links to the World: Smallpox Inoculation......Page 130
Colonial Families......Page 134
Politics: Stability and Crisis in British America......Page 137
A Crisis in Religion......Page 139
Legacy for a People and a Nation: "Self-Made Men"......Page 141
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 142
5 Severing the Bonds of Empire, 1754–1774......Page 143
Renewed Warfare Among Europeans and Indians......Page 146
Links to the World: The First Worldwide War......Page 150
1763: A Turning Point......Page 152
The Stamp Act Crisis......Page 155
Resistance to the Townshend Acts......Page 160
Confrontations in Boston......Page 162
Tea and Turmoil......Page 165
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Women's Political Activism......Page 167
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 168
6 A Revolution, Indeed, 1774–1783......Page 169
Government by Congress and Committee......Page 172
Contest in the Backcountry......Page 174
Choosing Sides......Page 175
Links to the World: New Nations......Page 178
War and Independence......Page 179
The Struggle in the North......Page 183
Life in the Army and on the Home Front......Page 186
Victory in the South......Page 188
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Revolutionary Origins......Page 191
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 192
7 Forging a National Republic, 1776–1789......Page 193
Creating a Virtuous Republic......Page 196
Links to the World: Novels......Page 198
The First Emancipation and the Growth of Racism......Page 201
Designing Republican Governments......Page 204
Trials of the Confederation......Page 206
Order and Disorder in the West......Page 208
From Crisis to the Constitution......Page 211
Opposition and Ratification......Page 215
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Township and Range System......Page 218
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 219
8 The Early Republic: Conflicts at Home and Abroad, 1789–1800......Page 221
Building a Workable Government......Page 224
Domestic Policy Under Washington and Hamilton......Page 225
The French Revolution and the Development of Partisan Politics......Page 230
Partisan Politics and Relations with Great Britain......Page 232
John Adams and Political Dissent......Page 234
The West in the New Nation......Page 237
"Revolutions" at the End of the Century......Page 240
Links to the World: Haitian Refugees......Page 242
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Dissent During Wartime......Page 243
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 244
9 Defining the Nation, 1801–1823......Page 245
Political Visions......Page 248
National Expansion Westward......Page 251
The Nation in the Orbit of Europe......Page 255
The War of 1812......Page 259
The Nationalist Program......Page 263
Sectionalism Exposed......Page 266
Links to the World: Industrial Piracy......Page 267
Summary......Page 270
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 271
10 The Rise of the South, 1815–1860......Page 273
The "Distinctive" South......Page 276
Southern Expansion, Indian Resistance and Removal......Page 281
Links to the World: The Amistad Case......Page 282
Limits of Mobility in a Hierarchical Society......Page 287
The Planters' World......Page 291
Slave Life and Labor......Page 295
Slave Culture and Resistance......Page 298
Summary......Page 303
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Reparations for Slavery......Page 304
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 305
11 The Modernizing North, 1815–1860......Page 307
Or Is It the North That Was Distinctive?......Page 310
The Transportation Revolution......Page 312
Links to the World: The United States as a Developing Nation......Page 317
Factories and Industrialization......Page 318
Consumption and Commercialization......Page 320
Families in Flux......Page 323
The Growth of Cities......Page 324
Legacy for a People and a Nation: A Mixed Economy......Page 333
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 334
12 Reform and Politics in the Age of Jackson, 1824–1845......Page 335
From Revival to Reform......Page 338
Communitarian Experiments......Page 342
Abolitionism......Page 344
Links to the World: The International Antislavery Movement......Page 346
Women's Rights......Page 348
Jacksonianism and Party Politics......Page 350
Federalism at Issue: The Nullification and Bank Controversies......Page 353
The Whig Challenge and the Second Party System......Page 356
Summary......Page 358
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Bible Belt......Page 359
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 360
13 The Contested West, 1815–1860......Page 361
The West in the American Imagination......Page 364
Expansion and Resistance in the Old Northwest......Page 367
The Federal Government and Westward Expansion......Page 372
Links to the World: Gold in California......Page 374
The Southwestern Borderlands......Page 377
Migration to the Far West......Page 382
The Politics of Territorial Expansion......Page 387
Summary......Page 389
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 390
14 Slavery and America's Future: The Road to War, 1845–1861......Page 391
The War with Mexico and Its Consequences......Page 394
1850: Compromise or Armistice?......Page 399
Slavery Expansion and Collapse of the Party System......Page 404
Links to the World: Annexation of Cuba......Page 407
Slavery and the Nation's Future......Page 410
Disunion......Page 412
Summary......Page 417
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 418
15 Transforming Fire: The Civil War, 1861–1865......Page 419
America Goes to War, 1861–1862......Page 422
War Transforms the South......Page 428
Wartime Northern Economy and Society......Page 431
The Advent of Emancipation......Page 436
The Soldiers' War......Page 440
1863: The Tide of Battle Turns......Page 442
Disunity: South, North, and West......Page 444
1864–1865: The Final Test of Wills......Page 449
Links to the World: The Civil War in Britain......Page 451
Summary......Page 456
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 457
16 Reconstruction: An Unfinished Revolution, 1865–1877......Page 459
Wartime Reconstruction......Page 462
The Meanings of Freedom......Page 464
Johnson's Reconstruction Plan......Page 468
The Congressional Reconstruction Plan......Page 470
Politics and Reconstruction in the South......Page 477
Retreat from Reconstruction......Page 482
Links to the World: The Grants' Tour of the World......Page 484
Summary......Page 487
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Lost Cause......Page 488
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 489
17 The Development of the West, 1865–1900......Page 491
The Economic Activities of Native Peoples......Page 494
The Transformation of Native Cultures......Page 496
The Extraction of Natural Resources......Page 501
Irrigation and Transportation......Page 506
Links to the World: The Australian Frontier......Page 509
Farming the Plains......Page 511
The Ranching Frontier......Page 515
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Myth of the Cowboy......Page 518
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 519
18 The Machine Age, 1877–1920......Page 521
Technology and the Triumph of Industrialization......Page 525
Links to the World: The Atlantic Cable......Page 526
Mechanization and the Changing Status of Labor......Page 530
Labor Violence and the Union Movement......Page 535
Standards of Living......Page 540
The Corporate Consolidation Movement......Page 545
The Gospel of Wealth and Its Critics......Page 548
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Technology of Recorded Sound......Page 550
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 551
19 The Vitality and Turmoil of Urban Life, 1877–1920......Page 553
Growth of the Modern City......Page 556
Urban Neighborhoods......Page 564
Living Conditions in the Inner City......Page 568
Managing the City......Page 570
Family Life......Page 574
The New Leisure and Mass Culture......Page 577
Links to the World: Japanese Baseball......Page 579
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Ethnic Food......Page 584
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 585
20 Gilded Age Politics, 1877–1900......Page 587
The Nature of Party Politics......Page 590
Issues of Legislation......Page 591
Tentative Presidents......Page 594
Discrimination, Disfranchisement, and Responses......Page 597
Agrarian Unrest and Populism......Page 600
Links to the World: Russian Populism......Page 605
The Depression and Protests of the 1890s......Page 606
The Silver Crusade and the Election of 1896......Page 609
Summary......Page 612
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Interpreting a Fairy Tale......Page 613
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 614
21 The Progressive Era, 1895–1920......Page 615
The Varied Progressive Impulse......Page 618
Links to the World: Workers' Compensation......Page 620
Government and Legislative Reform......Page 623
New Ideas in Social Institutions......Page 625
Challenges to Racial and Sexual Discrimination......Page 629
Theodore Roosevelt and the Revival of the Presidency......Page 634
Woodrow Wilson and the Extension of Progressive Reform......Page 639
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Margaret Sanger, Planned Parenthood, and the Birth-Control Controversy......Page 641
Summary......Page 642
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 643
22 The Quest for Empire, 1865–1914......Page 645
Imperial Dreams......Page 649
Links to the World: National Geographic......Page 652
Ambitions and Strategies......Page 654
Crises in the 1890s: Hawai'i, Venezuela, and Cuba......Page 656
The Spanish-American War and the Debate over Empire......Page 659
Asian Encounters: War in the Philippines, Diplomacy in China......Page 662
TR's World......Page 664
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Guantánamo Bay......Page 669
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 670
23 Americans in the Great War, 1914–1920......Page 671
Precarious Neutrality......Page 674
The Decision for War......Page 677
Winning the War......Page 679
Links to the World: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918......Page 685
Mobilizing the Home Front......Page 686
Civil Liberties Under Challenge......Page 690
Red Scare, Red Summer......Page 691
The Defeat of Peace......Page 694
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Freedom of Speech and the ACLU......Page 699
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 700
24 The New Era, 1920–1929......Page 701
Big Business Triumphant......Page 704
Politics and Government......Page 705
A Consumer Society......Page 707
Cities, Migrants, and Suburbs......Page 710
Links to the World: Pan American Airways......Page 712
New Rhythms of Everyday Life......Page 714
Lines of Defense......Page 718
The Age of Play......Page 721
Cultural Currents......Page 724
The Election of 1928 and the End of the New Era......Page 725
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Intercollegiate Athletics......Page 729
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 730
25 The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929–1941......Page 731
Hoover and Hard Times, 1929–1933......Page 734
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Launching of the New Deal......Page 739
Political Pressure and the Second New Deal......Page 745
Labor......Page 749
Federal Power and the Nationalization of Culture......Page 752
Links to the World: The 1936 Olympic Games......Page 755
The Limits of the New Deal......Page 757
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Social Security......Page 761
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 762
26 The United States in a Troubled World, 1920–1941......Page 763
Searching for Peace and Order in the 1920s......Page 766
The World Economy, Cultural Expansion, and Great Depression......Page 768
U.S. Dominance in Latin America......Page 772
The Course to War in Europe......Page 776
Japan, China, and a New Order in Asia......Page 779
U.S. Entry into World War II......Page 782
Links to the World: Radio News......Page 784
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Presidential Deception of the Public......Page 789
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 790
27 The Second World War at Home and Abroad, 1941–1945......Page 791
The United States at War......Page 794
The Production Front and American Workers......Page 797
Life on the Home Front......Page 800
The Limits of American Ideals......Page 804
Links to the World: War Brides......Page 805
Life in the Military......Page 809
Winning the War......Page 810
Legacy for a People and a Nation: Nuclear Proliferation......Page 817
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 818
28 The Cold War and American Globalism, 1945–1961......Page 819
From Allies to Adversaries......Page 823
Containment in Action......Page 827
The Cold War in Asia......Page 831
The Korean War......Page 833
Unrelenting Cold War......Page 836
Links to the World: The People-to-People Campaign......Page 838
The Struggle for the Third World......Page 840
Summary......Page 847
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 848
29 America at Midcentury, 1945–1960......Page 849
Shaping Postwar America......Page 852
Domestic Politics in the Cold War Era......Page 856
Cold War Fears and Anticommunism......Page 859
The Struggle for Civil Rights......Page 862
Creating a Middle-Class Nation......Page 865
Men, Women, and Youth at Midcentury......Page 870
Links to the World: Barbie......Page 873
The Limits of the Middle-Class Nation......Page 874
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Pledge of Allegiance......Page 879
Summary......Page 878
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 880
30 The Tumultuous Sixties, 1960–1968......Page 881
Kennedy and the Cold War......Page 884
Marching for Freedom......Page 888
Liberalism and the Great Society......Page 891
Johnson and Vietnam......Page 897
A Nation Divided......Page 902
Links to the World: The British Invasion......Page 907
1968......Page 908
Summary......Page 911
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 912
31 Continuing Divisions and New Limits, 1969–1980......Page 913
The New Politics of Identity......Page 916
The Women's Movement and Gay Liberation......Page 920
The End in Vietnam......Page 922
Nixon, Kissinger, and the World......Page 926
Links to the World: OPEC and the 1973 Oil Embargo......Page 928
Presidential Politics and the Crisis of Leadership......Page 929
Economic Crisis......Page 932
An Era of Cultural Transformation......Page 936
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The All-Volunteer Force......Page 942
Renewed Cold War and Middle East Crisis......Page 938
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 943
32 Conservatism Revived, 1980–1992......Page 945
Reagan and the Conservative Resurgence......Page 948
Reaganomics......Page 951
Reagan and the World......Page 956
American Society in the 1980s......Page 961
The End of the Cold War and Global Disorder......Page 966
Links to the World: CNN......Page 970
Summary......Page 972
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Americans with Disabilities Act......Page 973
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 974
33 Into the Global Millennium America Since 1992......Page 975
Social Strains and New Political Directions......Page 978
"The New Economy" and Globalization......Page 982
Paradoxes of Prosperity......Page 987
September 11 and the War on Terrorism......Page 992
War and Occupation in Iraq......Page 994
Americans in the First Decade of the New Millennium......Page 999
Links to the World: The Global AIDS Epidemic......Page 1005
Legacy for a People and a Nation: The Internet......Page 1008
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 1009
Declaration of Independence in Congress, July 4, 1776......Page 1010
Articles of Confederation......Page 1011
Constitution of the United States of America and Amendments......Page 1015
Presidents and Vice Presidents......Page 1024
Index......Page 1026