A-Level Biology: Edexcel A Year 1 & 2 Complete Revision & Practice with Online Edition: ideal for catch-up and the 2022 and 2023 exams (CGP A-Level Biology)

Contents
	Contents I
	Contents II
	Contents III
The Scientific Process
	The Scientific Process
	The Scientific Process
Topic 1A — The Circulatory System
	Water and Transport
	Water and Transport
	The Heart and Blood Vessels
	The Heart and Blood Vessels
	Cardiac Cycle
	Cardiac Cycle
	Investigating Heart Rate
	Investigating Heart Rate
Topic 1B — Lifestyle and Disease
	Cardiovascular Disease
	Cardiovascular Disease
	Cardiovascular Disease
	Cardiovascular Disease
	Interpreting Data on Risk Factors
	Interpreting Data on Risk Factors
	Treatment of CVD
	Treatment of CVD
Topic 1C — Diet and Health
	Diet and Energy
	Diet and Energy
	Carbohydrates
	Carbohydrates
	Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease
	Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease
	Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease
	Reducing Risk Factors of CVD
Topic 2A — Gas Exchange, Cell Membranes and Transport
	Gas Exchange
	Gas Exchange
	Cell Membranes
	Cell Membranes and Osmosis
	Transport Across the Cell Membrane
	Transport Across the Cell Membrane
	Investigating Cell Membrane Structure
	Investigating Cell Membrane Structure
Topic 2B — Proteins and Genetics
	Protein Structure
	Protein Structure
	Enzymes
	Enzymes
	Enzymes
	Enzymes
	DNA and RNA Basics
	DNA and RNA Basics
	The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
	The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
	Transcription and Translation
	Transcription and Translation
Topic 2C — Inheritance
	Replication of DNA
	Replication of DNA
	Genes and Inheritance
	Genes and Inheritance
	The Chi-Squared Test
	The Chi-Squared Test
	Cystic Fibrosis
	Cystic Fibrosis
	Genetic Screening
	Genetic Screening
Topic 3A — Cells
	Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles
	Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles
	Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles
	Prokaryotic Cells
	Looking at Cells and Organelles
	Looking at Cells and Organelles
	Cell Organisation
	Cell Organisation
	The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
	The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Topic 3B — Reproduction and Inherita nce
	Gametes and Fertilisation
	Gametes and Fertilisation
	Meiosis and Inheritance
	Meiosis and Inheritance
Topic 3C — Differentiation and Variation
	Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression
	Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression
	Stem Cells in Medicine
	Stem Cells in Medicine
	Variation
	Variation
Topic 4A — Biodiversity
	Biodiversity and Endemism
	Biodiversity and Endemism
	Biodiversity and Endemism
	Adaptation and Evolution
	Adaptation and Evolution
	Adaptation and Evolution
	The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
	The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
	Classification
	Classification
	Conservation of Biodiversity
	Conservation of Biodiversity
Topic 4B — Resources from Plants
	Plant Cell Structure
	Plant Cell Structure
	Plant Stems
	Plant Stems
	Starch, Cellulose and Plant Fibres
	Starch, Cellulose and Plant Fibres
	Sustainability and Plant Minerals
	Sustainability and Plant Minerals
	Drugs from Plants and Drug Testing
	Drugs from Plants and Drug Testing
Topic 5A — Ecosystems and Photosynthesis
	Factors Affecting Abundance and Distribution
	Factors Affecting Abundance and Distribution
	Factors Affecting Abundance and Distribution
	Investigating Populations and Abiotic Factors
	Investigating Populations and Abiotic Factors
	Investigating Populations and Abiotic Factors
	Succession
	Succession
	Photosynthesis and Energy Supply
	Photosynthesis and Energy Supply
	Photosynthesis Reactions
	Photosynthesis Reactions
	Photosynthesis Reactions
	Photosynthesis Reactions
	Energy Transfer and Productivity
	Energy Transfer and Productivity
Topic 5B — Climate Change and Evolution
	Introduction to Climate Change
	Introduction to Climate Change
	Causes of Climate Change
	Causes of Climate Change
	Effects of Climate Change
	Effects of Climate Change
	Investigating the Effects of Climate Change
	Investigating the Effects of Climate Change
	Reducing Climate Change
	Reducing Climate Change
	Evolution, Natural Selection and Speciation
	Evolution, Natural Selection and Speciation
	Evidence for Evolution
	Evidence for Evolution
Topic 6A — Forensics
	Microbial Decomposition and Time of Death
	Microbial Decomposition and Time of Death
	DNA Profiling
	DNA Profiling
	DNA Profiling
	DNA Profiling
Topic 6B — Microorganisms and Immunity
	Bacterial and Viral Infections
	Bacterial and Viral Infections
	Bacterial and Viral Infections
	Infection and the Non-Specific Immune Response
	Infection and the Non-Specific Immune Response
	The Specific Immune Response
	The Specific Immune Response
	The Specific Immune Response
	Developing Immunity
	Developing Immunity
	Antibiotics
	Antibiotics
Topic 7A — Muscles and Respiration
	Muscles and Movement
	Muscles and Movement
	Muscle Contraction
	Muscle Contraction
	Aerobic Respiration
	Aerobic Respiration
	Aerobic Respiration
	Aerobic Respiration
	Respirometers and Anaerobic Respiration
	Respirometers and Anaerobic Respiration
Topic 7B — Exercise
	Electrical Activity in the Heart
	Electrical Activity in the Heart
	Variations in Breathing Rate
	Variations in Breathing Rate
	Variations in Heart Rate
	Variations in Heart Rate
	Investigating Ventilation
	Investigating Ventilation
	Investigating Ventilation
	Homeostasis
	Homeostasis
	Homeostasis
	Exercise and Health
	Exercise and Health
	Exercise and Health
	Exercise and Health
Topic 8A — Responding to the Environment
	Nervous and Hormonal Communication
	Nervous and Hormonal Communication
	The Nervous System — Receptors
	The Nervous System — Receptors
	The Nervous System — Receptors
	The Nervous System — Neurones
	The Nervous System — Neurones
	The Nervous System — Neurones
	The Nervous System — Neurones
	The Nervous System — Synapses
	The Nervous System — Synapses
	Responses in Plants
	Responses in Plants
Topic 8B — The Brain, Behaviour and Disease
	Brain Structure and Function
	Brain Structure and Function
	Brain Structure and Function
	Habituation
	Development of the Visual Cortex
	Development of the Visual Cortex
	Studying Brain Development
	Studying Brain Development
	Drugs and Disease
	Drugs and Disease
	Producing Drugs Using GMOs
	Producing Drugs Using GMOs
Practical Skills
	Planning an Experiment
	Planning an Experiment
	Planning an Experiment
	Processing and Presenting Data
	Processing and Presenting Data
	Processing and Presenting Data
	Processing and Presenting Data
	Processing and Presenting Data
	Drawing Conclusions and Evaluating
	Drawing Conclusions and Evaluating
Do Well In Your Exams
	How to Do Well in Your Exams
	How to Do Well in Your Exams
Answers
	Topic 1A — The Circulatory System
	Topic 1B — Lifestyle and Disease
	Topic 1C — Diet and Health
	Topic 2A — Gas Exchange, Cell Membranes and Transport
	Topic 2B — Proteins and Genetics
	Topic 2C — Inheritance
	Topic 3A — Cells
	Topic 3B — Reproduction and Inheritance
	Topic 3C — Differentiation and Variation
	Topic 4A — Biodiversity
	Topic 4B — Resources from Plants
	Topic 5A — Ecosystems and Photosynthesis
	Topic 5B — Climate Change and Evolution
	Topic 6A — Forensics
	Topic 6B — Microorganisms and Immunity
	Topic 7B — Exercise
	Topic 7A — Muscles and Respiration
	Topic 8A — Responding to the Environment
	Topic 8B — The Brain, Behaviour and Disease
Index
	Index Pg 225
	Index Pg 226
	Index Pg 227
	Index Pg 228
Acknowledgements