A History of the Greek Language: From Its Origins to the Present

A History of the Greek Language: From Its Origins to the Present / Francisco Rodríguez Adrados......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
A History of Greek......Page 12
Fragmentations and Unifications......Page 13
Is a History of Greek Possible?......Page 15
The Present Book......Page 17
Part One: From Indo-European to Attic......Page 20
The Indo-Europeans and Greek......Page 22
Diverse theories......Page 24
2. From Indo-European culture and lexicon to Greek lexicon......Page 27
The Different Indo-Europeans......Page 29
Indo-European IIIa and Greek......Page 31
1. Moore specifications on Greek......Page 35
2. Common Greek (CG)......Page 36
3. Essential charactersistics of common Greek......Page 38
1. Variants within common Greek......Page 41
The diffusion of the Greek dialects......Page 44
Greek in the second millennium......Page 48
The arrival of the Dorians......Page 51
3. Greek and the non-Greek languages in the second millennium......Page 53
Pre-Greek elements adopted by Greek......Page 56
1. East Greek......Page 61
What kind of language is Mycenaean?......Page 64
Linguistic characteristics......Page 67
Diverse theories on the Homeric language......Page 69
Our view of the Homeric language......Page 71
4. Para-Mycenaean in the second millennium......Page 75
The first expansion......Page 78
Colonization......Page 80
The alphabet and its diffusion......Page 83
Inscriptions, literature and hellenisation......Page 86
Generalities......Page 91
Ionic-Attic......Page 94
Arcado-Cyprian and Pamphylian......Page 96
Aeolic......Page 97
The Doric dialects......Page 100
4. The unifying isogloses......Page 101
5. Secondary differences......Page 103
1. The literary languages as general languages......Page 106
Innovations in epic language......Page 108
Formulaic diction and the renovation of epic language......Page 110
More on the epic language of the eighth century......Page 114
General overview......Page 116
The different genres......Page 118
Elegy......Page 121
Epigram......Page 124
General ideas......Page 125
Analysis of the fundamental elements of the language of choral lyric......Page 130
The evolution and variants of choral lyric language......Page 133
1. General overview......Page 137
2. The Lesbian language of monodic poetry......Page 138
3. Corinna's Boeotian......Page 140
4. The Doric of Syracuse......Page 141
1. Ionic in the iambographers and in general poetry......Page 145
Generalities and beginnings......Page 148
Herodotus......Page 154
The ancient Hippocratics......Page 159
Attic as an oral dialect......Page 161
Sources......Page 163
Characteristics......Page 164
The oldest Attic prose......Page 168
Mature Attic prose......Page 173
Variants within Attic prose......Page 176
The Presocratics......Page 180
The Hippocratics......Page 185
Attic literature......Page 187
Example of a lexical system......Page 189
Conclusion......Page 190
Part Two: From Koine to the Present......Page 192
1. Origin, definition and levels......Page 194
The diffusion......Page 199
The 'koinisation' of the dialects......Page 202
Colloquial 'koine'......Page 203
The influence of other languages......Page 204
Variants of colloquial 'koine'......Page 208
4. Colloquial koine: general description......Page 211
The first stage......Page 215
Atticism......Page 217
Sources......Page 222
Description......Page 223
The contact of Greek with other languages......Page 226
Greek in Rome......Page 228
8. Hellenised Latin and Greek-Latin......Page 232
The languages revolving around Greek......Page 239
Germanic, Slavic and Arabic......Page 242
Historical data......Page 245
Popular and higher literature until 1453......Page 248
Literature from 1453......Page 254
Phonetics and morphology (until the eleventh century)......Page 256
Examples of popular texts......Page 259
Phonetics and morphology (from the twelfth to the fifteenth century)......Page 261
Examples of popular texts......Page 264
3. The development of the Byzantine lexicon......Page 266
Latin borrowings......Page 269
Borrowings from Gothic and eastern languages......Page 271
Borrowings from western languages......Page 273
General ideas......Page 274
Borrowings in western languages......Page 276
Borrowings in Slavic......Page 283
Borrowings in Arabic......Page 286
Generalities......Page 288
Hellenisms in the high Middle Ages......Page 289
In Castilian......Page 291
In French......Page 294
In Italian......Page 295
In Castilian......Page 297
In other languages......Page 299
Hellenisms in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries......Page 300
Origins and characteristics of this lexicon......Page 303
Importance for the Spanish lexicon......Page 306
An international character......Page 308
1. The history of Modern Greek (MG)......Page 310
2. Description of Modern Greek......Page 316
3. Borrowers and culture words in the Modern Greek lexicon......Page 320
General considerations......Page 323
Characteristics of the principle dialects......Page 326
Dialects and MG......Page 328
Conclusion......Page 331
Abbreviations......Page 336
Bibliography......Page 338
Index......Page 362