A History of the Global Economy: 1500 to the Present

Half title
Title page
Imprints page
Contents
Figures
Maps
Tables
Contributors
Introduction
	Gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of productive capacity
	Height as an indicator of health and the quality of nutrition
	Basic numeracy as an indicator of education
	The polity IV index as an indicator of democracy
	References
1 North-western Europe
	Early growth and modernization
	The spread of the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century
	The twentieth century rollercoaster: 1914–45
	Peace and welfare: 1945–2010
	Conclusion
	Note
	Further reading
	References
	I1 The great divergence in the world economy: long-run trends of real income
		Measuring the great divergence: Maddison revised
		Explaining the great divergence: shocks with asymmetric effects
		The effects of the Black Death
		New trade routes
		References
	H1.1 International financial regulation and supervision
		References
2 Southern, eastern and central Europe
	Why did Italy lead during the early modern period?
	Standards of living in early modern east-central Europe
	Regional development during the early nineteenth century
	The nineteenth and twentieth centuries: an overview
	Diffusion of industrialization to central and eastern Europe during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
	The first era of globalization, 1850–1913
	The war and interwar years
	The golden age of the 1950s and 1960s
	Stagflation (1970s–1980s)
	Finale: the 1990s and 2000s
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	I2 The Sputnik shock, the Pisa shock: human capital as a global growth determinant
		References
	H2.1 State finances during civil wars
	H2.2 Property rights in the Russian Empire
3 The United States and Canada
	Pre-colonial development
	European colonialization
	Creating an independent nation with a broad range of economic freedoms
	The economy from 1790 to 1914
	Population growth, 1800–1940
	Long run per capita income growth
	The destructiveness of wars
	Postwar era
	Productivity advances after the wars
	The business cycle
	Growth of government
	Summary
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	I3 The Great Depression of the 1930s and the world economic crisis after 2008
		References
	H3.1 Multi-divisional firms and managerial capitalism
		Bibliography
	H3.2 Business history and innovation
		References
	H3.3 Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.: the man behind modern business history
4 Latin America
	Latin America in the world economy: convergence and divergence in per capita GDP
	A typology for an analysis of the Latin American countries
	The long delay: the decades after Independence, 1820–1870
	Export-led growth during the first globalization boom (1870–1929)
	How did Latin America develop during the twentieth century relative to the rest of the world?
	Analysis: convergence/divergence cycles, financial crises and volatility
	Integration into the world economy: volatility of commodity prices
	Trends in the terms of trade
	The trade balance
	Education and human capital
	Inequality
	Present challenges from a historical perspective
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	I4 Was there a ‘curse of natural resources’?
		References
	H4.1 Latin America 1500–1800: early contact, epidemics and numeracy development
		References
	H4.2 The economic consequences of independence in Latin America
5 Japan
	Population and trade developments before 1600
	Growth performance in the early modern period
	Early modern growth in Eurasian perspective
	Growth acceleration and deceleration, 1868–2010
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	H5.1 Japanese industry during the Second World War
		References
6 China
	Introduction
	The nineteenth century: an ominous beginning
	Political accommodation and institutional adjustment to 1895
	The onset of China’s Industrial Revolution 1895–1949
	People’s Republic of China in 1950–2000
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	H6.1 International expositions and East Asia’s participation in the modern era
	I5/6 Trade and poverty 1820–1913: when the third world fell behind
		Bibliography
7 Middle East, north Africa and central Asia
	Medieval and early modern period
	Limitations to the ‘rule of law’ at the beginning of the nineteenth century
	Urban craftsmen and transport infrastructure around 1800
	Reform period: the early nineteenth century
	Why did the Middle East deindustrialize during the nineteenth century?
	Living standards
	The Middle East in the twentieth century
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	I7 Women in global economic history
		Marriage ages
		Sex ratios
		Political representation
		References
	H7.1 Imperial expansion of the Ottoman Empire and its cultural determinants
		Reference
8 South Asia
	A quick tour through the big questions
	The colonial economy
		National income of colonial India
		Inequality
		Other themes
	Living standards in the long run
		Wage
		Consumption
		Mortality and morbidity
	Postcolonial India: revolution or involution?
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Further reading
	References
	I8 Human stature as a health indicator in colonial empires
		References
	H8.1 Did brain-drain from India cause underdevelopment? Numeracy of Indian migrants and the Indian population, seventeenth to twentieth century
		References
9 Southeast Asia and Australia/New Zealand
	Geography and latitude
	The pre-colonial period 1500–1800
	New imperialism and the colonial period
	Post Second World War
	Concluding remarks
	Further reading
	References
	H9.1 Pre-history, ancient and classical periods of Southeast Asia
	I9 Institutional development in world economic history
		References
10 Sub-Saharan Africa
	Interpretations
	African economies, 1500–1650
	Africa during the peak of the Atlantic slave trade, 1680–1800
	Markets, slaves and states, 1800–80
	The colonial era, 1880–1960
	Independence and African economies, 1960–present
	Review (1): Africa, poor and static?
	Review (2): economic development in Africa – dynamics and constraints
	Conclusion
	Further reading
	References
	H10.1 Why was Ethiopia not colonized during the late-nineteenth-century ‘Scramble for Africa’?
		References
Conclusion
Index