A History of Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present

Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Foundations
....1. Medieval Legacies and Transforming Discoveries
........Medieval Continuities
........The Emergence of Early Modern Europe
........Transforming Discoveries
........Conclusion
....2. The Renaissance
........The City-States of the Italian Peninsula
........A Dynamic Culture
........Renaissance Art
........The End of the Renaissance
....3. The Two Reformations
........The Northern Renaissance
........The Roots of the Reformation
........Social Background of the Reformation in the German States
........The Spread of the Reformation
........The Reformation in Switzerland and France
........The English Reformation
........The Catholic Reformation
........Culture during the Two Reformations
........The Legacy of the Two Reformations
....4. The Wars of Religion
........The Wars of Religion in 16th-Century France
........The Thirty Years\' War (1618-1648)

Part II: Statemaking
....5. The Rise of the Atlantic Economy: Spain and England
........Economic Expansion
........The Rise of Spain
........The Rise of England
........The Decline of Spain
........Conclusion
....6. England and the Dutch Republic in the 17th-Century
........Conflicts in Stuart England
........Religious Divisions
........The English Civil War
........The Glorious Revolution
........The Decline of the Dutch Republic
........Conclusion
....7. The Age of Absolutism, 1650-1720
........Theories of Absolutism
........Characterizing Absolute Rule
........The Balance of Power
........The Habsburg Monarchy
........The Rise of Prussia
........The Russian and Swedish Empires
........The Modern State

Part III: New Cultural and Political Horizons
....8. The New Philosophy of Science
........Changing Views of the Universe
........Descartes and Newton: Competing Theories of Scientific Knowledge
........The Culture of Science
........Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
....9. Enlightened Thought and the Republic of Letters
........Enlightened Ideas
........The Diffusion and Expansion of the Enlightenment
........Enlightened Absolutism
........Currents of the Late Enlightenment
........Legacy of the Enlightenment
....10. 18th-Century Economic and Social Chance
........The Social Order
........Social Changes
........Social Control
........A Century of Contrasts
....11. 18th-Century Dynastic Rivalries and Politics
........The 18th-Century State System
........Conflicts between the Great Powers
........Political Change in Great Britain
........Challenges to Established Authority
........Declining Power, Disappearing State: The Ottoman Empire and Poland
........Conclusion

Part IV: Revolutionary Europe, 1789-1850
....12. The French Revolution
........The Old Regime in Crisis
........The First Stages of the Revolution
........Consolidating the Revolution
........War and the Second Revolution
........The Final Stages of the Revolution
........Perspectives on the French Revolution
....13. Napoleon and Europe
........Napoleon\'s Rise to Power
........Consolidation of Power
........The Foundations of the French Empire
........The Tide Turns against Napoleon
........Napoleon\'s Legacy
....14. The Industrial Revolution
........Preconditions for Transformation
........A Variety of National Industrial Experiences
........The Middle Classes
........Middle-Class Culture
........The Ambiguities of Liberalism: Voluntarism vs. State Intervention
........Impact of the Industrial Revolution
........Industrial Work and Workers
........The Origins of European Socialism
........Conclusion
....15. Liberal Challenges to Restoration Europe
........The Post-Napoleonic Settlement
........Restoration Europe
........Liberalism
........Romanticism
........Stirrings of Revolt
........Other Liberal Assaults on the Old Order
........Nationalist Dreams
........Crisis and Compromise in Great Britain
........Conclusion
....16. The Revolutions of 1848
........Revolutionary Mobilization
........The Elusive Search for Revolutionary Consensus
........Counter-Revolution
........The Legacy of 1848

Part V: The Age of Mass Politics
....17. The Era of National Unification
........The Political Unification of Italy
........The Unification of Germany
........National Awakenings in the Habsburg Lands
........Conclusion
....18. The Dominant Powers in the Age of Liberalism: Parliamentary Britain, Tsarist Russia, and Republican France
........Victorian Britain
........Tsarist Russia
........France: Second Empire and Third Republic
........Republican France
........Conclusion
....19. Rapid Industrialization and Its Challenges, 1870-1914
........The Second Industrial Revolution
........Social Change
........Cultural Changes: Education and Religion
........The Consumer Explosion
........Conclusion
....20. Political and Cultural Responses to a Rapidly Changing World
........State Social Reform
........Cultural Ferment
........Conclusion
....21. The Age of European Imperialism
........From Colonialism to Imperialism
........The \"New Imperialism\" and the Scramble for Africa
........The European Powers in Asia
........Domination of Indigenous Peoples
........Assessing the Goals of European Imperialism
........Conclusion

Part VI: Cataclysm
....22. The Great War
........Entangling Alliances
........The Europe of Two Armed Camps, 1905-1914
........The Final Crisis
........The Outbreak of War
........The Changing Nature of War
........The War Rages On
........The Final Stages of the War
........The Impact of the War
........Conclusion
....23. Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union
........War and Revolution
........The October Revolution
........Civil War
........The Soviet Union
....24. The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s
........The End of the War
........National and Ethnic Challenges
........Economic and Social Instability
........Artists and Intellectuals in the Waste Land
....25. The Europe of Economic Depression and Dictatorship
........Economies in Crisis
........The Dynamics of Fascism
........The Third Reich
........The Soviet Union under Stalin
........The Spanish Civil War
........Conclusion
....26. World War II
........The Coming of World War II
........The War in Europe Begins
........A Global War
........Hitler\'s Europe
........The Tide Turns
........Allied Victory
........Conclusion

Part VII: Europe in the Post-War Era
....27. Rebuilding Divided Europe
........In the Wake of Devastation
........Economic Recovery and Prosperity, the Welfare State, and European Economic Cooperation
........Politics in the West in the Post-War Era
........Political Realignments
........Changing Contours of Life
........Conclusion
....28. The Cold War and the End of European Empires
........Cold War
........Decolonization
........Conclusion
....29. Transitions to Democracy and the Collapse of Communism
........Politics in a Changing Western World
........Religious and Ethnic Conflicts
........The Fall of Communism
........Conclusion
....30. Global Challenges: \"Fortress Europe,\" European Cooperation, and the Uncertainties of a New Age
........Immigration to Europe
........European Community, European Union
........Opposition to Globalization
........The Threat of Terrorism
........Conclusion

Further Readings
Credits
Index