A History of Italy 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change

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Contents
Preface
Introduction: The land and the people
PART 1 THE RE-EMERGENCE OF ITALY 1700-60
	1 Italy, the ‘pawn’ of European diplomacy
		The search for a new equilibrium
		The Italian states
		Peace and political impotence
	2 The social physiognomy of the Italian states
		The countryside and landed power
		Systems of tenure and peasant pauperism
		The cities: economic activities and social structure
	3 The problems of government
		Administrative confusion and financial crisis
		Autocracy and reform: Piedmont
		The early reforms: ecclesiastical privilege, administration, finances
	4 The ‘new’ intellectuals
		The origins of the new culture
		Italy and Europe: reason and reform
		The Enlightenment vision of the social bases of reform
		Production and public happiness
PART 2 REFORM AND AUTHORITY: ENLIGHTENMENT AND DESPOTISM 1760-90
	5 The years of collaboration: 1765-75
		Naples: the traditional reformism of Tanucci
		Lombardy: Viennese administrators and Milanese 'philosophers’
		Tuscany: the physiocratic victory
		Modena and Parma: the limits of reformism
		Piedmont, Venice, Genoa: the absence of reformism
	6 The offensive against the Church
		Rome: hopes of ecclesiastical reform
		Princes and churchmen: the subordination of Church to State
	7 The crisis of collaboration: 1775-90
		Princely domination and intellectual withdrawal
		Joseph II: the autocratic reformer
		Leopold of Tuscany: physiocracy and Jansenism
	8 Belated collaboration: 1780-94
		The Two Sicilies: Genovesi’s pupils and the lack of effective leadership
		The Papal States: the impotence of reformism
		Modena: Ricci, the isolated reformer
		The consequences of Enlightened reformism
PART 3 REVOLUTION AND MODERATION 1789-1814
	9 Revolution and the break with the past: 1789-99
		France and Europe
		Italy and the revolution
		The ‘liberation’ of Italy
		The Jacobins
		The Italian republics
		The two Italies
	10 Rationalization and social conservatism: 1800-14
		Napoleon and Italy
		The Italian Republic
		The Grand Empire
		The Kingdom of Naples
		The revolt against Napoleon
PART 4 THE SEARCH FOR INDEPENDENCE 1815-47
	11 Legitimacy and conspiracy: 1815-31
		Restoration in Europe
		Restoration in Italy
		Opposition to Restoration
		Revolution and reaction
		Disintegration of the Restoration
	12 The society of Restoration Italy
		The countryside
		The cities
	13 Alternative paths towards a new Italy: 1831-48
		Political and economic change in Europe
		Mazzini and the democratic initiative
		Political liberalism and economic progress
		Cattaneo: the idealization of the Lombard middle class
		Gioberti: the neo-guelph illusion
		The years of moderate hopes
PART 5 THE COST OF INDEPENDENCE 1848-61
	14 The contradictions of revolution: 1848-9
		Le printemps des peuples
		The high tide of revolution in Italy
		The ebb of revolution
		Republican Italy
	15 The compromises of diplomacy: 1850-61
		The breakdown of the European concert
		The crisis of the political democrats
		The hegemony of the political liberals
		The triumph of political moderatism
		The final drive on democratic unitarianism
16 Epilogue
Glossary
Bibliography
Index