A Handbook of Sustainable Building Design and Engineering

Contents......Page 6
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes......Page 14
List of Contributors......Page 26
Preface......Page 32
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 34
Part I INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX BUILT ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS......Page 40
Introduction: Setting the Scene......Page 42
References......Page 45
Background: What is a sustainable community?......Page 46
A multidisciplinary research strategy......Page 47
Investigating the role of space in the construction of place......Page 50
Reflections on processes and outcomes......Page 54
Considerations......Page 55
References......Page 56
Part II ENERGY AND BUILDINGS......Page 58
Introduction: Towards Zero Carbon Buildings......Page 60
Energy efficiency of buildings......Page 62
Energy-saving buildings......Page 63
Construction materials......Page 64
Building envelope......Page 65
Advanced construction layer......Page 69
References......Page 71
Energy assessment methodologies......Page 74
Monitoring heating energy consumption......Page 75
Energy labelling of heating energy consumption......Page 80
Monitoring cooling energy consumption......Page 83
Energy and microclimatic labelling......Page 84
References......Page 88
Introduction......Page 90
Energy modelling tools......Page 91
Application in energy efficient buildings......Page 93
Challenges in thermal building engineering......Page 94
Recent initiatives and outlook......Page 97
Conclusions......Page 98
References......Page 99
Introduction......Page 102
Carbon reduction issues to be considered at the early stages of design......Page 103
Methods of approach to reduce carbon emissions......Page 110
Some examples of passive houses in Hannover, Germany......Page 111
Introduction......Page 114
Energy resources and technologies......Page 117
Planning and implementation......Page 122
References......Page 127
Introduction......Page 128
Thermodynamics of the heat pump......Page 129
Ground source heat pumps in city centre buildings......Page 131
References......Page 137
The evolution and standardization of the life cycle assessment method......Page 138
Goal and scope of life cycle assessment......Page 139
The methodology of life cycle assessment......Page 145
References......Page 151
Introduction......Page 154
Research methodology......Page 155
Supplementary research: Indoor environment and mould......Page 162
References......Page 167
Forecasting energy use and CO2 emissions......Page 170
Domestic Energy and Carbon Dioxide Model (DECARB)......Page 171
The illustrative scenarios......Page 173
Results of the illustrative scenarios......Page 175
Conclusions......Page 176
References......Page 177
The German policy landscape......Page 178
Case study: Modernization of dwellings in north Germany......Page 180
References......Page 190
Part III BUILDINGS AND ENVIRONMENT......Page 192
Introduction: Emerging Design Challengesof the 21st Century......Page 194
Introduction......Page 196
Modifying factors......Page 197
Energy use......Page 199
Health and comfort......Page 201
Conclusions......Page 202
References......Page 203
Urban air-quality management areas......Page 206
Airflow and concentration patterns in complex built environments......Page 211
Relationships between outdoor and indoor air pollution......Page 213
Modelling air pollution in urban buildings......Page 215
References......Page 217
Thermal environment......Page 220
Indoor air quality......Page 225
Economic implications......Page 230
References......Page 231
Types of application......Page 236
Types of models......Page 237
Creating the model......Page 238
Conclusions......Page 246
References......Page 247
Water vapour in the air......Page 250
Air and moisture scale......Page 252
Moisture damage......Page 253
Moisture displacement......Page 254
Moisture modelling......Page 255
Moisture-resilient design......Page 257
Case studies......Page 260
References......Page 262
Theoretical background......Page 264
Design requirements and site analysis......Page 266
Developing a ventilation design strategy......Page 270
Design performance evaluation......Page 276
Detailed design......Page 278
Installation, commissioning and post-occupancy evaluation......Page 281
References......Page 282
Principles of mechanical and mixed-mode ventilation......Page 284
Ventilation systems for residential buildings......Page 285
Ventilation systems for non-residential buildings......Page 288
Ventilation system components......Page 293
Basic design principles of ventilation......Page 296
References......Page 301
Climate change and temperature......Page 302
Climate change and precipitation......Page 305
Climate change and subsidence......Page 306
References......Page 307
Developing the sustainable cooling strategy......Page 310
Direct and indirect ventilative cooling......Page 311
Cooling energy from renewable sources......Page 314
Sustainable distribution systems......Page 315
Low-energy cooling technologies......Page 318
Cooling potential of sustainable cooling techniques......Page 319
Case study: School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) building......Page 321
Case Study: Portcullis House......Page 324
Case Study: Swiss Re Tower......Page 326
Case Study: National Assembly for Wales – the Senedd......Page 329
Case Study: National Trust Headquarters – Heelis Building......Page 332
References......Page 334
Hybrid ventilation systems......Page 336
Experimental indoor/outdoor air quality and ventilation studies in urban buildings......Page 337
Conclusions......Page 348
References......Page 349
Introduction: House dust mites, housing and health......Page 352
Study results......Page 354
Modelling techniques......Page 358
Discussion......Page 359
References......Page 361
Airflow and pollution distribution around buildings......Page 364
Airflow and pollution in buildings......Page 372
References......Page 382
Part IV OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS......Page 384
Introduction: The Post-Occupancy Evaluation......Page 386
Introduction......Page 388
Design approach......Page 389
Physical performance evaluation......Page 390
Energy performance......Page 392
Example: Energy performance assessments......Page 393
References......Page 396
Introduction......Page 398
Examples from the UK domestic sector......Page 400
Discussion......Page 405
References......Page 407
The Queens Building, De Montfort University......Page 410
The Contact Theatre, Manchester......Page 413
The Lichfield Garrick......Page 417
Design guidance......Page 420
References......Page 422
Description of the building......Page 424
Performance evaluation......Page 430
Conclusions......Page 436
References......Page 437
Introduction......Page 440
Background information......Page 442
Design of a prioritized refurbishment programme......Page 448
Potential programmes......Page 457
References......Page 461
Index......Page 462