A God of One's Own

Title page......Page 5
Copyright page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 11
1: The Diary of a ‘God of One’s Own’:  Etty Hillesum: An Unsociological Introduction......Page 13
 Etty Hillesum......Page 14
 A life of one’s own, a room of one’s own, a God of one’s own......Page 26
  Farewell to secularization?......Page 31
   Secularization – a European special path?......Page 34
   The paradox of secularization......Page 36
   The key to the ‘revitalization’ of religiosity in Europe is the decoupling of (institutional) religion and (subjective) faith......Page 38
   The authority principle underlying the revival of faith is the sovereignself......Page 41
  Pluralization strengthened by the growth of non-Christian religions......Page 42
  The mass mediatization of religion: The phenomenon of Pope Benedict XVI......Page 49
  Multiple modernities, multiple forms of secularization......Page 51
 New forms of coexistence and conflict amongthe world religions: How are conflicts between world religions to be civilized?......Page 53
  ‘Imagined communities’ of a religiously determined global sociality......Page 54
  The shock of discovering that the European or Western model of modernity is not universal......Page 55
  How to civilize conflicts among the world religions......Page 56
  The irony of the unforeseen consequences of the individualization of religion......Page 57
  The question of the type of tolerance whose goal is not truth but peace......Page 58
 What does ‘religion’ mean?......Page 59
  Religion, religious......Page 60
  Religion is globalization from the outset......Page 62
   Overcoming pre-existing hierarchies and boundaries......Page 64
   Religious universalism......Page 65
   The dualism of good and evil......Page 66
   Colonialism......Page 68
   ‘Be on your guard against mixed marriages!’......Page 69
   Catholic cosmopolitanism......Page 71
  How is a separation of powers to be effected in the realm of the absolute?......Page 73
 Individualization and cosmopolitization: Religion in the framework of reflexive modernization......Page 75
  The theory of reflexive modernization......Page 78
  The distinction between cosmopolitization and globalization......Page 80
   The distinction between cosmopolitanism and universalism as exemplified by the religions......Page 81
   The distinction between descriptive and normative religious cosmopolitanism......Page 85
   Cosmopolitan society......Page 86
   The society of the religions......Page 88
  The individualization of religion......Page 91
  The relationship between cosmopolitization and individualization......Page 94
  Ten core theses......Page 97
 The individualistic misunderstanding of individualization......Page 105
 Heresy and orthodoxy: Concerning the historical improbability of religious freedom......Page 111
  On the dialectic of fundamental Christian principles and Christian institutions......Page 112
  Individualization One: The ‘invention’ of a God of one’s own: Martin Luther......Page 116
  The Christian critique of heresy: Sebastian Castellio......Page 122
  John Locke’s model of tolerance......Page 127
 Individualization Two: The welfare state......Page 129
  Beyond the normal family......Page 132
  ‘Reflexive individualization’ or ‘manipulated individualism’ and ‘anomic privatization’......Page 135
  Beyond normal religion: The motley assortment of New Religious Movements......Page 137
 The relationship of religion to anti-modernity, post-modernity and the second modernity......Page 144
  Anti-modern fundamentalism......Page 145
  Postmodern religiosity......Page 146
  Religiosity in the second modernity......Page 148
 The individualization of religion and the ‘spirit’ of the world society......Page 149
  The doctrine of the impurity of cultures......Page 151
  Religion and morality......Page 155
  Religiously motivated civil resistance: Henry D. Thoreau......Page 157
  Who are cosmopolitanism’s cultural others?......Page 161
 The market model: God’s commodity form......Page 162
 The model of the religiously neutral constitutional state: Jürgen Habermas......Page 166
 The blueprint for a universal world ethos: Hans Küng......Page 170
 Methodological conversion: Mahatma Gandhi......Page 172
 Revolution?......Page 174
 Introduction: ‘Clash of universalisms’......Page 176
 Victory of the fundamentalisms or cosmopolitan turn?......Page 178
  Reflexive fundamentalism......Page 181
   The rediscovery of unquestioning acceptance......Page 182
   The totalitarian immediacy of God......Page 184
   Demonization of believers in other faiths and none......Page 185
   Transnational networks and operations......Page 186
   The principle of ethnic, national religious tolerance......Page 187
   The principle of interdenominational religious tolerance......Page 189
  Sociological change of perspective: Religion as co-builder of modernity......Page 192
 The ‘nationalizing’ of religion and the methodological nationalism of the historical sciences......Page 194
  The ‘nationalizing’ of God leads to the naturalizing of intolerance and violence......Page 195
   Religious studies and theology......Page 198
   The social sciences......Page 200
  Peace instead of truth......Page 202
   Tolerated religion......Page 203
   Double religion......Page 204
   The parable of the ring......Page 206
   God as mediator......Page 208
  The voices of religion in the global arena or: How are we to civilize civilization?......Page 209
Bibliography......Page 213
Index......Page 232