A Global History of Relocation in Counterinsurgency Warfare

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Maps
Contributors
Introduction
	Prologue
	The Sepp thesis
	Relocation in modern counterinsurgency warfare3
	Terminology, language and historical neutrality
	The cases in this study
	The cases not in this study
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 1: Exile without end: The Acadian expulsion
	Introduction
	Acadia
	The Acadians and the British
	Antecedents and Acadian rebellion
	The relocation decision
	The expulsion
	Cui Bono?
	Unexpected outcomes
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 2: The Long Walk of the Navajo: Relocation in the American Southwest
	Introduction
	The legacies of conquest
	The evolution of a vocabulary and policy
	Developing a treaty-based approach
	The relocation decisions
	Measuring the outcomes
	Conclusions
	Notes
Chapter 3: War answered with war: The Spanish in Cuba
	Introduction
	Strategic overview
	The rebellion erupts
	The campaign in 1895: Invasion and devastation
	The campaign of 1896: War answered with war
	Relocation: The causes of failure
	The consequences of reconcentration
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 4: A howling wilderness: America in the Philippines
	Introduction
	The White Man’s Burden3
	The militarization of colonialism
	Relocation: Decisions and effects
	The consequences of relocation
	Legacies and lessons
	Conclusions
	Notes
Chapter 5: Methods of barbarism: The Boer War
	Introduction
	The thesis
	The British
	The Boers
	Imperialism and the Great Game
	South Africa in Grand Strategy
	The war: 1899–1902
	The relocation decision
	Conclusions
	Notes
Chapter 6: Uneven repression: The Ottoman state and its Armenians
	Introduction
	The strategic situation
	The Armenian insurgency erupts
	The operational situation
	Making the relocation decision
	The relocation campaign
	The military outcomes
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 7: From the Pale: The Russians and the Jews
	Introduction
	The Jews and the Pale
	Anti-Semitism, Russification and the Jews
	The First World War
	The strategic situation in 1914
	The operational situation regarding Russian Jews
	The relocation decisions
	The mechanics of relocation
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 8: They are our enemies: The Japanese-American internment
	Introduction
	The strategic situation
	The fifth column
	Operational planning
	The operational situation
	The relocation decision
	Operationalizing the decision
	General DeWitt’s final report on the Japanese evacuation
	‘Interpretations tested by consequences’87
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 9: A collective measure: Population resettlement in the Malayan Emergency
	Introduction
	Malaya and its demographics
	The strategic situation – South East Asia
	The strategic situation – Malaya
	The operational situation
	Analysis: Government reaction 1948–50
	Initial insurgent success
	Whole-of-government approach
	Analysis: Resettlement to new villages
	The decision for relocation
	The New Village
	The human and social consequences
	Resettlement effects on civil/military counterinsurgency operations
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 10: Centres de Regroupement: The French in Algeria
	Introduction
	The strategic setting
	The operational setting
	Touissant Rouge
	Quadrillage and Regroupment
	The architects of Quadrillage and Regroupement
	Laying down the grid
	Going off the grid
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 11: Counterinsurgency at the ‘rice roots’ level: South Vietnam’s Strategic Hamlet Campaign
	Introduction
	The strategic situation
	The operational situation
	The Strategic Hamlet Campaign
	The military outcomes
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 12: Resettlement in the Portuguese Colonial Wars: Africa, 1961–75
	Introduction
	Colonial origins
	The three insurgencies
	Counterinsurgency and resettlement
	Outcomes
	Conclusion
	Notes
Conclusions: Relocation in counterinsurgency warfare
	Introduction
	The explanation
	Ends, ways and means
	Decision-making
	War crimes
	Stolen economics and opportunity
	Unexpected outcomes
	The post-modern form
	Finis
	Notes
Appendix: Relocation Statistics
	Notes
Index