A Field Guide to Clean Drinking Water

Cover
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Basics
	Water and its role
		Water’s purpose in the body
		From dehydration to exsiccosis
		Hyperhydration—water poisoning
	Water in emergencies—and while traveling
		Water requirement
			Formula for the calculation of the daily water requirement
			Model calculation for moderate consumption
			Model calculation for high consumption
		Water on trekking tours
		Reserves and rationing
			Water stores
			Water stores as domestic reserves
			Water stores as emergency provisions
		Drinking properly
		Dealing with a water emergency
			Water stress
			Water shortage
			Water crisis
Chapter 2: How to find water
	Properties of water
	How to read terrain structures
	Indicators for the presence of water
		Important indicators for moist soil
	Potential groundwater locations
	Wells
		Infiltration wells
		Suction wells
	Other sources
		Freshwater lenses
		Submarine freshwater sources
		Ice and snow
			Model calculation for two people and 3.5 liters drinking water each
		Humidity—dew
			Dew point
			Extracting water from the air
			Fog catchers
			Collecting dew
			Dew in the tent
			Further condensation methods
		Precipitation
		Cisterns and roof stores
	Water from food
		Water from plants
			Transpiration
			Extraction
			Simple collection
		Water from animals
Chapter 3: How to assess water
	Properties of raw water
		Turbidity
		Discoloration
		Sensory assessment
	Raw water vs. drinking water
	Pathogens
		Viruses
			Rotaviruses
			Hepatitis A
			Bacteriophages
		Bacteria
			Cholera
			Typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonellosis, and others
			E. coli
		Single-celled organisms and parasites
			Cryptosporidia
			Giardia
			Amoebas
			Multicellular parasite larvae
		Blue-green algae
	Chemical components of raw water
		Sodium chloride (table salt)
			Salinity levels of the seas
			Determining salinity
		Other minerals and heavy metals
		Radioactivity
		Nitrite, nitrate, and other nitrogen compounds
		Pesticides and other organic compounds
	The saprobic index
		Indicator species
		Trophic state
		Assessing water quality
			Indicator organisms
Chapter 4: How to make water safe to drink
	Preparation methods
		Sedimentation
		Heat precipitation
		Oxygen precipitation
		Chemical precipitation
		Decanting
		Prefiltration
		Nonwoven fabric filters
	Disinfection
		Drip filtration
			Filter housing
			Sediment filtration
			Clay pot filtration
			Candle filters
		Suction filters
		Backpacking water filters
		Hollow fiber filters
		Minisart filters
		Charcoal filters
		Boiling
		Solar heat
		UV radiation
			Electric UV radiation
			SODIS
		Chemical disinfection
			Iodine
			Chlorine dioxide
			Hypochlorites
			MOS (mixed oxidant solution)
	Desalination
		Reverse osmosis
			Functionality
		Passive Osmosis
		Distillation
			Improvised distillation methods
	Small water supply systems
		Home water supply systems
			Filter housing
			Filtration stages
			Pressure system
		Stationary systems
			Stationary UV radiation
Chapter 5: How to preserve and store water
	Recontamination
	Tyndallization
	Repeated SODIS
	Chilling and shading
	Silver ions and other chemical substances
	Emergency water pouches
	Transport and storage containers
		Stationary storage tanks
		Mobile medium-size storage containers
		Bottles and drinking vessels
	Improvised transportation and storage methods
		Storage ponds
		Emergency containers
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Appendix
	Drinking water and diseases
	Water treatment process
Glossary
Index
About the Author