8th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures: Volume 1

Contents
About the Editors
Bridge Footing Strengthening Using Various FRP Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Strengthening Systems
	3 Finite Element Models
		3.1 Material Modeling
		3.2 Contacts and Boundary Conditions
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Active System
		4.2 Passive Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Near-Surface Mounted Adhesive on Shear Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Investigated Parameters and Test Specimens
		2.2 Material Properties
		2.3 Damage
		2.4 Strengthening
		2.5 Test Setup and Procedure
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		3.1 Failure Mode
		3.2 Peak Loads
		3.3 Effect of Damage
		3.4 Effect of Mortar Versus Epoxy Adhesive
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analytical Study on the Bond Between CFRP Rod Panels and Concrete Substrate
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Model
	3 Model Verification and Parametric Study
	4 Conclusions
	References
Short-Term Performance of Corrugated HDPE Pipe Made with and Without Recycled Resins
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Approach
		2.1 Sample Preparation
		2.2 Test Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Density
		3.2 Softening Point
		3.3 Carbon Black Content
		3.4 Thermal Stability
		3.5 Tensile Test
	4 Conclusions
	References
Moving-Wheel Load Test of a Cantilevered RC Slab Strengthened with Bond-Improved Ultra-High Modulus CFRP Rods
	1 Introduction
	2 Moving-Wheel Loading Test
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Cantilevered Slab Specimen
		2.3 Experimental Procedure
	3 Test Results and Discussion
		3.1 Cracking Behavior
		3.2 Estimation of Equivalent Loading Cycles
		3.3 Deformation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Two-Way Flexural Behavior of Sandwich Panels with Flax FRP Faces and Foam Cores Under Monotonic Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Matrix
		2.2 Specimen Fabrication
		2.3 Test Setup
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Failure Modes
		3.2 Flexural Behavior
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Behavior of Hollow ± 55° Filament Wound GFRP Tubes Under Monotonic Flexural Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Matrix
		2.2 Test Setup
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Failure Modes
		3.2 Flexural Behavior
	4 Conclusions
	References
Hollow Composite Reinforcing Systems for Precast Concrete Slabs
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Specimen Details
		2.3 Test Set-Up and Instrumentation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Influence of Hollow Core
		3.2 Contribution of CRS as Reinforcement
		3.3 Comparison Between GFRP and Steel Reinforcements
	4 Conclusions
	References
New Compressive Test Methods for GFRP Bars
	1 Introduction
	2 Testing Program
		2.1 Material Properties
		2.2 New Procedure for Compression Testing of GFRP Bars
		2.3 Test Matrix, Specimen Fabrication, and Test Setup
	3 Test Results
		3.1 Failure Modes
		3.2 Compressive Strength of GFRP Bars
	4 Empirical Compressive Behaviour of GFRP Bars
	5 Conclusion
	References
Case Study on CFRP Prestressed Concrete Soldier-Pile Walls with GFRP-Reinforced Precast Concrete Panels
	1 Introduction
	2 Soldier-Pile End Bent System
	3 Design Criteria Comparison
	4 FRP Benefits
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Preliminary Reliability-Based Analysis for Slenderness Limit of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis Method
	3 Sensitivity Analysis
	4 Monte Carlo (MC) Simulation
		4.1 Methodology
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Studies
	References
Plasticity-Based Failure Criteria for Circular Concrete Columns Wrapped with FRPs
	1 Introduction
	2 Database
	3 Hoek–Brown Failure Criterion
	4 Drucker-Prager Failure Criterion
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Splitting- and Direct-Tensile Strengths of Ambient Cured Geopolymer Concrete with Glass Fibers
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions
		2.2 Test Specimens
		2.3 Testing Methods and Setup
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Compressive Strength
		3.2 Splitting- and Direct-Tensile Strengths
	4 Conclusions
	References
Flagler Beach GFRP-RC Secant-Pile Seawall for Hurricane Resilience, Durability and Efficiency
	1 Introduction
	2 SR-A1A GFRP Secant-Pile Seawall/Bulkhead Intent and Estimated Unit Costs
	3 Effects of Hurricane Matthew (2016)—The Need to Fortify SR-A1A
	4 Existing Site Conditions, Soils and Coastal (Marine) Environment Conditions
	5 GFRP-RC Secant-Pile Drilled Shafts with LCC-Benefits for SR-A1A Protection
	6 Infrastructure Protection via GFRP—Confirmed Laboratory Test Results (FDOT)
	7 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Methodology for SR-A1A GFRP-RC Seawall
	8 Update to AASHTO Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP-RC
		8.1 GFRP-RC Design Parameters and Resistance Factors
		8.2 GFRP-RC Member Design Provisions
		8.3 Implications on the State of the Practice
	References
Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Confinement on Axial Compressive Strength of Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Test Matrix
	4 Specimen Preparation and Instrumentation
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Effect of FRP Type on Compressive Strength
		5.2 Effect of Number of Layers of FRP on Compressive Strength
	6 Conclusions
	References
Framework for Developing Modeling Parameters of FRP—Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
	1 Background
	2 Research Approach
		2.1 FRP-Retrofitted Shear Wall Database
		2.2 Backbone Curves and Control Points
		2.3 Design Parameters
	3 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Experimental Behaviour of Concrete Confined with Unidirectional Flax Fiber-Reinforced Bio-Based Polymers
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Matrix
		2.2 Material Properties
		2.3 Specimen Fabrication
		2.4 Test Set-Up
	3 Experimental Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Repair of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Pipes with Layered Sandwich Fibre Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Matrix
		2.2 Materials
		2.3 Specimen Preparation
		2.4 Test Setup
		2.5 Results
	3 Conclusion
	References
Effect of the Axial Load Ratio on the Lateral Load Performance of GFRP-Reinforced Squat Walls
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Specimen Details and Design
		2.2 Material Properties
		2.3 Test Setup and Instrumentation
	3 Test Results
		3.1 General Behavior
		3.2 Hysteretic Response
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Lateral Reinforcement Spacing on Cyclic Loaded GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Specimen
		2.2 Material Properties
		2.3 Instrumentations and Test Setup
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 General Behavior
		3.2 Effect of Lateral Reinforcement Spacing
	4 Conclusion
	References
Safety Evaluation of the Reduction Factor for CFFTs Columns Without Longitudinal Reinforcement
	1 Introduction
	2 Reliability Analysis
		2.1 First Order Second Moment Method (FOSM)
		2.2 Monte Carlo (MC) Simulation
	3 Conclusion
	References
Optimized Reliability-Based Approach for FRP Strengthening of Existing Concrete Columns Deficient Under Axial Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Reliability Method
		2.1 System-Based Reliability
		2.2 Updated Reliability
		2.3 Solution Scheme
	3 Reliability Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluating CFRP-Concrete Bond Performance
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
	2 Research Significance
	3 Method of Investigation
		3.1 Machine Operation
		3.2 Signal Analysis
	4 Field Investigation
		4.1 Investigation Procedure
		4.2 Tests Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Gravity Load Effect on Punching Behavior of GFRP-RC Interior Slab-Column Connection Subjected to Lateral Cyclic Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Slabs Configurations
	3 Test Setup and Test Procedure
	4 Test Results and Observations
		4.1 Moment-Lateral Drift Hysteretic Response
		4.2 Connection Stiffness
	5 Conclusions
	References
Behaviour of a GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Under Pulsating and Rolling Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Specimen
		2.2 Materials
		2.3 Fabrication of Specimen
		2.4 Test Program
		2.5 Instrumentation
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Reinforced with Alkali-Resistant Glass Fibers and Polypropylene Fibers
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Specimens
		2.2 Materials
		2.3 Test Setup
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Compressive Strength
		3.2 Split Tensile Strength
		3.3 Flexural Strength
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development Length of Small Diameter Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars in Normal Strength Concrete
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Test Matrix
		1.2 Testing Frame
		1.3 Materials
	2 Results
		2.1 Failure Mode
		2.2 Bond Stress
	3 Discussion
		3.1 Development Length Calculation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Assumptions and Rationale for the Design of Top Mat GFRP Reinforcement for Bridge Decks in the State of Texas
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Considerations and Alternatives
		2.1 Steel Reinforcement: AASHTO Empirical Method
		2.2 Steel Reinforcement: TxDOT Empirical Method
		2.3 GFRP Reinforcement: AASHTO (2009) Traditional Method
		2.4 GFRP Reinforcement: AASHTO (2018) Empirical Method
		2.5 GFRP Reinforcement: TxDOT Adapted Empirical Method
		2.6 GFRP Reinforcement: AASHTO (2018) Traditional Method
		2.7 GFRP Reinforcement: Proposed Design
	3 Conclusions
	References
Reliability-Based Calibration of Eurocode-Like Design Equations for Shear Strength of FRP-RC Beams
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Eurocode Equations for Shear Strength
	3 Reliability Analysis
	4 The Safety Level of the Current Shear Design Provisions
	5 Reliability-Based Calibration of the Shear Design Equations
	6 Conclusions
	References
Towards the Use of Digital Image Correlation to Measure FRP-Concrete Debonding in Reinforced Concrete Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Image Analysis Using ImPro Stereo
	3 Debonding Detection Tool
		3.1 Measuring Out-Of-Plane Displacement Fields in ImPro Stereo
		3.2 Application to Detect Surface Irregularities
	4 Application in Test of RC Wall Repaired with FRP Sheets
	5 Conclusions
	References
Behaviour of Rc Circular Columns Confined by GFRP Spirals and Hoops Under Simulated Seismic Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Material Properties
		2.2 Test Specimens
		2.3 Test Setup and Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Confinement on High-Strength Concrete Circular Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Specimen Details
		2.2 Instrumentation and Test Setup
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Column Displacement Response
		3.2 Load Capacity and Mode of Failure
	4 Conclusions
	References
Crack-Detection in Concrete Covered with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Through Electrical Impedance Variations
	1 Introduction
	2 Summary of the Test
		2.1 Specimen
		2.2 Measurement Method
	3 Test Results and Discussion
		3.1 Measurement Frequency Band
		3.2 Measurements
	4 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of GFRP Reinforced Circular Geopolymer Concrete Columns Under Concentric and Eccentric Axial Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Matrix and Column Design
		2.2 Materials and Preliminary Testing
		2.3 Preparation of Columns
		2.4 Testing of Columns
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Failure Modes
		3.2 Load-Deformation Behavior and Ductility of Columns
	4 Conclusions
	References
Influence of Bidirectional GFRP System on Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Analytical Modelling
		4.1 Analytical Procedure
		4.2 Comparison with Beam Responses
	5 Conclusions
	References
Shear Strength of Lightweight Self-consolidating Concrete Beams Reinforced with BFRP Bars
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Investigation
		2.1 Material Properties
		2.2 Specimens Description, Instrumentation, and Testing
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Crack Propagation and Failure Mode
		3.2 Effect of Parameters on Load–Deflection Behavior
		3.3 Comparison with CSA/S806-12 (2012)
	4 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Performance of Masonry Walls Retrofitted for Shear Using Externally Bonded FRP
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Specimens
		2.2 Test Matrix
		2.3 Test Set-up and Instrumentation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Improved GFRP Rebar for Reinforced Concrete Structural Application
	1 Application
	2 Design Criteria Endurance Limits
	3 GFRP Rebar Benefits
	4 Conclusions
	References
Behavior of GFRP Bars and Sheet Coupons Under Sustained Stress and High Temperatures
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Investigation
		2.1 Internal GFRP Reinforcement
		2.2 External GFRP Reinforcement
	3 Test Results
		3.1 Internal GFRP Reinforcement
		3.2 External GFRP Reinforcement
	4 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Large GFRP-Confined Concrete Columns Subjected to Simulated Seismic Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Details of Specimens
		2.2 Instrumentation
		2.3 Testing Set-Up and Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Specimens Discussed
		3.2 Observations
		3.3 Hysteresis Response
		3.4 Capacity and Ductility Assessment
	4 Conclusion
	References
Seismic Fragility Assessment of an Existing Multi-span Isolated Bridge in Eastern Canada
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study Bridge
	3 Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolator (FREI)
	4 Ground Motion Record Selection
	5 Seismic Fragility Analysis and Damage States
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Development of Design Charts for One-Way Slabs Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Methodology
		2.1 Slab Design Parameters
		2.2 Ultimate Limit States
		2.3 Serviceability Limit States
		2.4 Additional Design Considerations
	3 Design Aid Presentation and Discussion
		3.1 Span and Bar Spacing Charts
		3.2 Slab Thickness and Bar Spacing Charts
		3.3 Slab Span and Thickness Charts
		3.4 Additional Considerations
	4 Conclusions
	References
Load-Slip Response of Larger Diameter GFRP Truss-Action Shear Connectors for Precast Concrete Insulated Wall Panels
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Test Setup and Instrumentation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Parameters on Failure Mode
		3.2 Effect of Parameters on Strength and Stiffness
		3.3 Comparison to Other Connectors
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Analysis and Modelling of the Nonlinear Shear Creep Behaviour at the Concrete–FRP Interface
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling the Nonlinear Shear Creep Behaviour of the Polymer Adhesive
		2.1 Description of a 1D Model
		2.2 Extension to a Fully 3D Model
		2.3 Implementation
	3 Application Cases
		3.1 Homogeneous Creep Test on Samples of Bulk Polymer Adhesive
		3.2 Structural Modelling
	4 Conclusion
	References
Advanced Modal Analysis for Damage Assesment of RC Beam-Column Joints
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 RC Beam-Column Junction Geometry and Materials Properties
		2.2 Test Configuration and Loading History
	3 Cyclic Load–displacement Measurements Analysis
		3.1 Cyclic Behavior of the RC Specimen
		3.2 Rigidity Loss and Damping Ratio
	4 Simplified Analytical Model
	5 Modal Analysis
		5.1 Modal Testing Description
		5.2 Experimental Modal Identification
		5.3 Application on the Experimental Configuration
		5.4 Comparison with Static Measurements
	6 Conclusion
	References
Rocking Response of AFRP Reinforced Concrete Columns with Unbonded Energy Dissipaters
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Numerical Model
		3.1 Column Description
		3.2 Ductility
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
In-Site Quality Control of the Tensile Strength of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bent Bars
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 B.5 Test Method
		2.2 Summary of the Suggested Testing Scheme
		2.3 Material Properties
	3 Test Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modeling the Nonlinear Response of ±55 Angle-Ply GFRP Tube Used in CFFT Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Description
	3 Modeling Results
		3.1 Tensile Coupons
		3.2 Hollow Tubes in Tension
		3.3 CFFTs in Tension
		3.4 CFFTs in Bending
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fatigue Behaviour of FRP Bars Reinforced UHPC Beams
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Test Description
		2.1 Specimen Description
		2.2 Material
	3 Experimental Result
		3.1 Mechanical Testing
		3.2 Load–Deflection Response of Composite Beams
		3.3 Fatigue Behaviour of UHPC/FRP Beams
	4 Conclusions
	References
RC Wall-Slab Connection Reinforced by FRP: Mechanical Behaviour Under Cycling Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Specimen Description and Material Properties
		2.2 Test and Instrumentation Setup, and Loading Protocol
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Load–Displacement Behaviour
		3.2 Cracking Patterns
		3.3 Dissipated Energy
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behaviour of the Textile/Matrix Interface of Cementitious Matrix Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Mechanical and Geometrical Properties of TRCMC Components
		2.2 Specimen Preparation and Experimental Protocol
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 Distribution of Matrix Strain Along the TRCMC
		3.2 Shear Stress at the Textile/Matrix Interface
		3.3 Analytical Modelling
	4 Conclusion
	References
Influcence of Reiforcement on the Behavior of ECC Link Slabs in Bridge Deck Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Concept
	3 Materials
		3.1 ECC Material Composition and Properties
		3.2 Reinforcing Materials
	4 Experimental Program
		4.1 Design of Test Model
		4.2 Test Setup
	5 Discussion of the Test Results
		5.1 Load Versus Deflection Response
		5.2 Cracking Formation and Development
	6 Conclusion
	References
Preventive Fatigue Strengthening of Steel Structures with Bonded CFRP—Efficiency Demonstration on a Real Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of the Bridge Selected for the Demonstration (Jarama Bridge)
	3 Diagnosis of Jarama Bridge
		3.1 Condition of the Bridge
		3.2 Selection of Welds for the Intervention
	4 Theoretical Calculations and Design of Intervention
		4.1 FEM Modeling
		4.2 Evaluation of Strengthening Action
	5 Implementation of the Strengthening Solution in the Field
		5.1 Preparation of UHM-CFRP Plates
		5.2 Steel Surface Preparation
		5.3 Adhesive Mix and Application
		5.4 Installation in the Field and Post-Curing Process
	6 Effectiveness of the Proposed Solution—Results of Load Tests
	7 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Different CFRP Sandwich Deck Cores of Deployable Treadway Bridge Beam
	1 Introduction
	2 Deck Core Manufacturing
		2.1 Balsa Core
		2.2 A1-HC-W Core
		2.3 A2-HC-CP Core
	3 Web Buckling Analysis
	4 Experimental Tests
		4.1 Material Characterization
		4.2 Three-Point Load Test
		4.3 Flatwise Compression
	5 Test Results
		5.1 Three-Point Load Test
		5.2 Flatwise Compression
	6 Conclusions
	References
Behavior of Arch Slabs Reinforced with FRP Bars Under Concentrated Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Test Specimens
		2.2 Properties of Materials
		2.3 Construction of Test Specimens
		2.4 Testing Setup
	3 Test Results and Discussions
		3.1 Summary of Test Results
		3.2 Effect of Reinforcement Type
		3.3 Effect of Reinforcement Ratio
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effecto of Elevated Temperatures on the Flexural Behavior of FRP Bars
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 FRP Bars Used
		2.2 Test Specimens and Parameters
		2.3 Flexural Test Procedure
	3 Test Results and Discussions
		3.1 Summary of Results
		3.2 Failure Modes of Tested Bars
		3.3 Effect of Temperature Level and Bar Diameter (Type G1 Bars)
		3.4 Effect of FRP Type
	4 Conclusions
	References