80X86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing Volumes I & II

Home\r......Page 1
Contents\r......Page 8
Preface\r......Page 32
0 Introduction to Computing\r......Page 37
0.1 Numbering and Coding Systems\r......Page 38
0.2 Inside the Computer\r......Page 45
0.3 Brief History of the CPU\r......Page 49
Answers to Review Questions......Page 52
1 The 80x86 Microprocessor\r......Page 54
1.1 Brief History of the 80x86 Family\r......Page 55
1.2 Inside the 8088/8086\r......Page 57
1.3 Introduction to Assembly Programming\r......Page 59
1.4 Introduction to Program Segments\r......Page 62
1.5 More about Segments in the 80x86\r......Page 69
1.6 80x86 Addressing Modes\r......Page 77
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 84
2 Assembly Language Programming\r......Page 85
2.1 Directives and a simple Program\r......Page 86
2.2 Assemble, Link, and Run a Program\r......Page 90
2.3 More Sample Programs\r......Page 93
2.4 Control Transfer Instructions\r......Page 99
2.5 Data Types and Data Definitions\r......Page 104
2.6 Full Segment Definition\r......Page 109
2.7\rExe vs. COM Files......Page 112
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 116
3 Arithmetic and Logic Instructions and Programs\r......Page 118
3.1 Unsigned Addition and Subtraction\r......Page 119
3.2 Unsigned Multiplication and Division\r......Page 124
3.3 Logic Instructions and Sample Programs\r......Page 129
3.4 BCD and ASCII Operands and Instructions\r......Page 137
3.5 Rotate Instructions\r......Page 147
3.6 Bitwise Operation in the C Language\r......Page 150
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 155
4 BIOS and DOS Programming in Assembly and C\r......Page 157
4.1 BIOS INT 10H Programming\r......Page 158
4.2 DOS INTERRUPT 21H\r......Page 166
4.3 INT 16H Keyboard Programming\r......Page 175
4.4 Interrupt Programming with C\r......Page 177
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 185
5 Macros and the Mouse\r......Page 186
5.1 What is a Macro and how is it used ?\r......Page 187
5.2 Mouse Programming with Interrupt 33H\r......Page 197
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 208
6 Signed Numbers, Strings, and Tables\r......Page 209
6.1 Signed Number Arithmetic Operations\r......Page 210
6.2 String and Table Operations\r......Page 220
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 228
7 Modules: Modular and C Programing\r......Page 229
7.1 Writing and Linking Modules\r......Page 230
7.2 Some very useful Modules\r......Page 239
7.3 Passing Parameters among Modules\r......Page 244
7.4 Combining Assembly Language and C Programs\r......Page 246
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 255
8 32-Bit Programming for 386 and 486 Machines\r......Page 256
8.1 80386/80486 Machines in Real Mode\r......Page 257
8.2 Some Simple 386/486 Programs\r......Page 262
8.3 80x86 Performance Comparison\r......Page 267
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 270
9 8088, 80286 Microprocesors and ISA Bus\r......Page 271
9.1 8088 Microprocessor\r......Page 272
9.2 8284 and 8288 Supporting Chips\r......Page 278
9.3 8-Bit Section of ISA Bus\r......Page 282
9.4 80286 Microprocessor\r......Page 287
9.5 16-Bit ISA Bus\r......Page 291
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 299
10 Memory and Memory Interfacing\r......Page 301
10.1 Semiconductor Memory Fundamentals\r......Page 302
10.2 Memory Address Decoding\r......Page 312
10.3 IBM PC Memory Map\r......Page 316
10.4 Data Integrity in RAM and ROM\r......Page 320
10.5 16-Bit Memory Interfacing\r......Page 325
10.6 ISA Bus Memory Interfacing\r......Page 331
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 343
11 I/O and the 8255; ISA Bus Interfacing\r......Page 345
11.1 8088 Input/Output Instructions\r......Page 346
11.2 I/O Address Decoding and Design\r......Page 348
11.3 I/O Address Map of X86 PCs\r......Page 352
11.4 8255 PPI Chip\r......Page 356
11.5 PC Interface Trainer and Bus Extender\r......Page 361
11.6 I/O Programming with C/C++ and VB\r......Page 368
11.7 8-Bit and 16-Bit I/O Timing in ISA Bus\r......Page 374
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 385
12 Interfacing to the PC: LCD, Motor,\rADC, and Sensor......Page 387
12.1 Interfacing an LCD to the PC\r......Page 388
12.2 Interfacing a Stepper Motor to the PC\r......Page 398
12.3 Interfacing DAC to the PC\r......Page 404
12.4 Interfacing ADC and Sensors to the PC\r......Page 409
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 420
13 8253/54 Timer and Music\r......Page 422
13.1 8253/54 Timer Description and Initialization\r......Page 423
13.2 IBM PC 8253/54 Timer Connections and Programming\r......Page 427
13.3 Generating Music on the IBM PC\r......Page 433
13.4 Shape of 8253/54 Outputs\r......Page 437
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 445
14 Interrupts and the 8259 Chip\r......Page 446
14.1 8088/86 Interrupts\r......Page 447
14.2 IBM PC and MS DOS Assignment of Interrupts\r......Page 453
14.3 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller\r......Page 456
14.4 Use of the 8259 Chip in the IBM PC/XT\r......Page 466
14.5 Interrupts on 80286 and higher 80x86 PCs\r......Page 472
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 481
15 Direct Memory Accessing; The 8237 DMA Chip\r......Page 483
15.1 Concept of DMA\r......Page 484
15.2 8237 DMA Chip Programming\r......Page 486
15.3 8237 DMA Interfacing in the IBM PC/XT\r......Page 495
15.4 Refreshing DRAM Using Channel 0 of the 8237\r......Page 501
15.5 DMA in 80x86-based PC AT-Type Computers\r......Page 504
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 512
16 Video and Video Adapters\r......Page 513
16.1 Principles of Monitors and Video Adapters\r......Page 514
16.2 Video Adapters and Text Mode Programming\r......Page 520
16.3 Text Mode Programming using INT 10H\r......Page 527
16.4 Graphics and Graphics Programming\r......Page 537
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 543
17 Serial Data Communication and the 16450/8250/51 Chips\r......Page 544
17.1 Basics of Serial Communication\r......Page 545
17.2 Accessing IBM PC COM Ports Using DOS and BIOS\r......Page 552
17.3 Interfacing the NS8250/16450 UART in the IBM PC\r......Page 558
17.4 Intel 8251 USART and Synchronous Communication\r......Page 567
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 575
18 Keyboard and Printer Interfacing\r......Page 577
18.1 Interfacing the Keyboard to the CPU\r......Page 578
18.2 PC Keyboard Interfacing and Programming\r......Page 582
18.3 Printer and Printer Interfacing in the IBM PC\r......Page 590
18.4 Bidirectional Data Bus in Parallel Ports\r......Page 598
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 605
19 Floppy Disks, Hard Disks, and Files\r......Page 606
19.1 Floppy Disk Organization\r......Page 607
19.2 Hard Disks\r......Page 619
19.3 Disk File Programming\r......Page 629
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 635
20 The 80x87 Math Coprocessor\r......Page 636
20.1 Math Coprocessor and IEEE Floating-Point\r......Page 637
20.2 80x87 Instructions and Programming\r......Page 641
20.3 8087 Hardware Connections in the IBM PC/XT\r......Page 652
20.4 80x87 Instructions and Timing\r......Page 656
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 666
21 386 Microprocessor: Real vs. Protected Mode\r......Page 667
21.1 80386 in Real Mode\r......Page 668
21.2 80386: A Hardware View\r......Page 677
21.3 80386 Protected Mode\r......Page 683
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 694
22\rHigh-Speed Memory Interfacing and Cache......Page 695
22.1 Memory Cycle Time of the 80x86\r......Page 696
22.2 Page, Static Column, and Nibble Mode DRAMs\r......Page 698
22.3 Cache Memory\r......Page 708
22.4 EDO, SDRAM, and RAMBUS Memories\r......Page 716
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 725
23 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro and MMX\r......Page 726
23.1 The 80486 Microprocessor\r......Page 727
23.2 Intel\'s Pentium\r......Page 733
23.3 RISC Architecture\r......Page 740
23.4 Pentium Pro Processor\r......Page 746
23.5 MMX Technology\r......Page 751
23.6 Processor Identification in Intel x86\r......Page 753
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 759
24 MS DOS Structure, TSR, and Device Drivers\r......Page 760
24.1 MS DOS Structure\r......Page 761
24.2 TSR and Device Drivers\r......Page 767
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 775
25 MS DOS Memory Management\r......Page 776
25.1 80x86 PC Memory Terminology and Concepts\r......Page 777
25.2 DOS Memory Management and Loading High\r......Page 785
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 794
26 IC Technology and System Design Considerations\r......Page 795
26.1 Overview of IC Technology\r......Page 796
26.2 IC Interfacing and System Deisgn Considerations\r......Page 802
26.3 Data Integrity and Error Detection in DRAM\r......Page 812
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 819
27 ISA, PCI, and USB Buses\r......Page 820
27.1 ISA Buses\r......Page 821
27.2 PCI Local Buses\r......Page 833
27.3 USB Port\r......Page 839
28 Programming DOS, BIOS Hardware with C/C++\r......Page 844
28.1 BIOS and DOS Interrupt Programming with C\r......Page 845
28.2 Programming PC Hardware with C/C++\r......Page 851
Answers to Review Questions\r......Page 860
A.1 Entering and Exiting Debug\r......Page 861
A.2 Examining and Altering teh Contents of Registers\r......Page 862
A.3 Coding and Running Programs in Debug\r......Page 863
A.4 Data Manipulation in Debug\r......Page 869
A.5 Examining the Stack in Debug\r......Page 874
A.6 Examining/Altering the Flag Register in Debug\r......Page 875
A.7 Additional Debug Data Manipulation Commands\r......Page 878
A.8 Loading and Writing Programs\r......Page 880
B.1 The 8086 Instruction Set\r......Page 883
B.2 Instruction Timing\r......Page 906
C.1 80x86 Assembler Directives\r......Page 919
C.2 Rules for Labels and Reserved Names\r......Page 931
D.1 DOS 21H Interrupts\r......Page 934
D.2 Mouse Interrupts 33H\r......Page 957
E.1 INT 10H Video Function Calls\r......Page 960
E.3 INT 12H - Memory Size Determination\r......Page 966
E.4 INT 14H - Asynchronouos Communication\r......Page 967
E.6 INT 16H - Keyboard\r......Page 970
E.8 INT 1AH - Timer and Real-Timer Clock Services\r......Page 973
F ASCII Codes\r......Page 976
G.1 IBM PC AT I/O Address Map\r......Page 977
G.2 IBM PS/2 I/O Address Map\r......Page 978
G.3 ISA Standard I/O Address Ports\r......Page 979
H IBM PC/PS BIOS Data Area\r......Page 988
I.1 NS8250/NS16450 UART Chip\r......Page 995
I.2 Intel\'s 80486\r......Page 996
I.3 Intel\'s Pentium\r......Page 997
I.4 Intel Packaging\r......Page 999
References\r......Page 1002
Index\r......Page 1003