60GHz Technology for Gbps WLAN and WPAN: From Theory to Practice

60 GHz TECHNOLOGY FOR GBPS WLAN AND WPAN......Page 5
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 15
List of Contributors......Page 19
1.1 What is 60 GHz?......Page 21
1.2 Comparison with other Unlicensed Systems......Page 22
1.3 Potential Applications......Page 26
1.4.1 North America......Page 27
1.4.2 Japan......Page 28
1.4.5 Europe......Page 29
1.5 Industry Standardization Effort......Page 30
1.5.1 IEEE 802.15.3c......Page 31
1.5.2 ECMA 387......Page 32
1.5.3 WirelessHD......Page 33
1.6 Summary......Page 34
References......Page 35
2.1 Introduction to Wireless Channel Modeling......Page 37
2.2.1 Deterministic Modeling......Page 38
2.2.2 Stochastic Modeling......Page 40
2.3.1 Large-Scale Channel Characterization......Page 41
2.3.2 Small-Scale Channel Characterization......Page 49
2.3.3 Polarization......Page 60
2.4.1 IEEE 802.15.3c......Page 63
2.4.2 IEEE 802.11ad......Page 67
References......Page 77
3 Non-Ideal Radio Frequency Front-End Models in 60GHz Systems......Page 83
3.1.1 Super-Heterodyne Architecture......Page 84
3.1.3 Low-IF Architecture......Page 86
3.2.1 Tradeoff Between Linearity and Efficiency......Page 87
3.2.2 Nonlinearity Modeling......Page 89
3.2.3 Behavioral Models......Page 91
3.2.4 Output Backoff Versus Peak-to-Average Power Ratio......Page 95
3.2.5 Impact of Nonlinear Power Amplifier......Page 96
3.3.1 Modeling of Phase Noise in Phase-Locked Loops......Page 98
3.4.1 Quantization Noise in Data Converters......Page 102
3.4.2 I/Q Mismatch......Page 106
References......Page 107
4.1 Introduction......Page 109
4.2.1 Path Loss and Oxygen Absorption......Page 110
4.2.2 Multipath Fading......Page 111
4.3 Antenna Array Beamforming......Page 113
4.3.1 Training for Adaptive Antenna Arrays......Page 115
4.3.2 Training for Switched Antenna Arrays......Page 127
4.3.3 Channel Access in 60 GHz Wireless Networks......Page 130
References......Page 135
5.1 Introduction......Page 137
5.2.1 Principles of OFDM......Page 140
5.2.2 OFDM Design Considerations......Page 143
5.3.1 Uncompressed Video Communications......Page 146
5.3.2 Equal and Unequal Error Protection......Page 147
5.3.3 Bit Interleaving and Multiplexing......Page 150
5.3.4 AV OFDM Modulation......Page 152
5.4.1 Introduction......Page 155
5.4.2 Case Study: IEEE 802.15.3c SC PHY......Page 157
5.5.1 Transmit and Receive Architecture......Page 162
5.5.2 SC with Frequency-Domain Equalization......Page 166
5.6.1 Burst Detection and Rough Timing/CFO Acquisition......Page 169
5.6.2 Joint Fine CFO and Channel Estimation Without I/Q Imbalance......Page 175
5.6.3 Joint Estimation of Fine CFO, Channel and I/Q Imbalance......Page 176
5.6.4 Time-Domain Equalization, Despreading and Tracking......Page 181
References......Page 186
6.1 Introduction......Page 189
6.2 Overview of Semiconductor Technologies for 60 GHz Radios......Page 190
6.3 60 GHz Front-End Components......Page 193
6.3.1 60 GHz LNAs in SiGe and CMOS......Page 194
6.3.2 60 GHz PAs in SiGe and CMOS......Page 196
6.3.3 Process Variability in Silicon Millimeter-Wave Designs......Page 199
6.4 Frequency Synthesis and Radio Architectures......Page 200
6.5.1 ADCs and DACs for Wide Bandwidth Signals......Page 202
6.5.2 Modulators, Demodulators and Analog Signal Processors for Gbps Applications......Page 207
References......Page 209
7.1 Introduction......Page 213
7.2 Advantages and Challenges of SC Systems......Page 214
7.3 System Design with Non-Coherent Detection......Page 216
7.4 System Design with Differentially Coherent Detection......Page 221
7.5 Test and Evaluation......Page 223
7.6 Advanced SC System with Per-Packet Coherent Detection......Page 225
References......Page 229
8 Gbps OFDM Baseband Design and Implementation for 60GHz Wireless LAN Applications......Page 231
8.1.1 Designed OFDM Physical Layer......Page 232
8.2 OFDM Baseband Receiver Architecture......Page 234
8.2.1 Receiver Front-End......Page 237
8.2.2 Receiver Back-End......Page 242
8.3 OFDM Baseband Transmitter Architecture......Page 245
8.4.1 60 GHz OFDM Demonstrator Architecture......Page 246
8.4.2 Wireless Link Demonstration with 60 GHz Radio......Page 247
8.5 Next-Generation OFDM Demonstrators for 60 GHz Wireless LAN Applications......Page 249
8.5.1 Channel Plan and RF Transceiver......Page 250
8.5.2 Next-Generation Multi-Gbps OFDM Physical Layers......Page 251
8.5.3 Performance Evaluation with 60 GHz NLOS Channel and 60 GHz Phase Noise Models......Page 252
References......Page 256
9 Medium Access Control Design......Page 259
9.1 Design Issues in the Use of Directional Antennas......Page 260
9.2.1 Neighbor Discovery......Page 264
9.2.2 Aggregation and Block-ACK......Page 265
9.3 Design Considerations for Supporting Uncompressed Video......Page 272
9.3.1 Pixel Partitioning......Page 274
9.3.2 Uncompressed Video ARQ......Page 275
9.3.3 Unequal Error Protection......Page 276
9.3.4 Error Concealment......Page 277
9.4 Performance Study......Page 278
9.4.1 Effect of UEP and EEP......Page 280
9.4.2 Stability of UEP......Page 281
9.4.3 VQM Scores......Page 282
9.5 Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 283
References......Page 284
10 Remaining Challenges and Future Directions......Page 287
References......Page 290
Index......Page 293