21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook: Low-Dimensional Materials and Morphologies

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Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Editor
Contributors
1 Advances in 1D Materials
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Nanotubes
	1.3 Nanowires
	1.4 Nanofibers
	1.5 Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
2 Survey of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials
	2.1 Low-Dimensional Materials
	2.2 Zero-Dimensional Nanoparticles
	2.3 One-Dimensional Nanomaterials
	2.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
	References
3 Low-Dimensional Hybrid Nanomaterials
	3.1 Low-Dimensional Materials
	3.2 Hybrid Nanomaterials
	3.3 Properties of Hybrid Nanomaterials
	3.4 Applications of Hybrid Nanomaterials
	References
4 Aromatic Helicenes
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Structure and Basic Properties of Helicenes
	4.3 Synthesis of Helicenes
	4.4 Nonracemic Helicenes
	4.5 Giant Helicenes and Their Congeners
	4.6 Computational Treatment of Helicenes and Their Properties
	4.7 Helicenes at Interfaces
	4.8 Applications of Helicenes
	4.9 Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
5 Supported Two-Dimensional Metal Clusters
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Three-Dimensional Metal Clusterson Non-metal Surfaces
	5.3 Two-Dimensional Metal Clusters
	5.4 The Effect of Temperature
	5.5 Clusters Grown on a Template
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 A Novel Class of Two-Dimensional Materials: Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 The Structures of 2D TMDs
	6.3 The Synthesis of 2D TMDs
	6.4 Applications and Outlooks
	Acknowledgments
	References
7 Two-Dimensional Gallium Nitride
	7.1 Synthesis of Two-Dimensional (2D) GaN
	7.2 Structure, Energetics, and Mechanical Properties
	7.3 Phonon Spectra and Stability
	7.4 Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties
	7.5 Optical Properties
	7.6 Heterostructures Consisting of GaN and Other Two-Dimensional Materials
	7.7 Effect of Electric Field
	7.8 Functionalization of GaN
	References
8 Graphene Nanodot Arrays
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Fabrication
	8.3 Properties and Applications of GNDs
	8.4 Conclusions
	References
9 Graphene Nanomesh
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Electronic and Magnetic Properties of GNMs
	9.3 Fabrication of GNMs
	9.4 Doping of GNMs
	9.5 Applications of GNMs
	Bibliography
10 Dielectric Harmonic Nanoparticles: Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Applications
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Understanding the Nonlinear Optical Response of Harmonic Nanoparticles
	10.3 HNP Materials and Synthesis
	10.4 Quantitative Assessments of χ[sup((2))] and χ[sup((3))] Values from Colloidal HNP Suspensions
	10.5 Optical Bioimaging with HNPs
	References
11 Fundamentals of Laser-Generated Nanoparticles in Liquid-Phase
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Theoretical Background for the Laser and Material Interaction
	11.3 Pulsed Laser Ablation Mechanismsin Liquid Phase
	11.4 Applications
	11.5 Conclusion
	References
12 Nanoparticles at the Polarized Liquid-Liquid Interface
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Fundamentals of Nanoparticles’ Self-Assembly at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces
	12.3 Interfaces between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions
	12.4 Electrodeposition of Nanoparticles at ITIES
	12.5 Assembly of Nanoparticles at ITIES
	12.6 Electrocatalysis at ITIES Modified with Nanoparticles
	12.7 Electrovariable Optical Phenomena
	12.8 Conclusions
	References
13 Terahertz Resonance of Nanoparticles in Water
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Background
	13.3 Nanoparticle Acoustic Resonance Enhanced Four-Wave Mixing
	13.4 Conclusion
	References
14 Water Photosplitting on Gold Nanoparticles: Quantum Selectivity and Dynamics
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Water-Photosplitting Cells
	14.3 Supported Gold Nanoparticles
	14.4 Orbital-Dependent Water Adsorption
	14.5 Elementary Atomic Steps in Water Photosplitting
	14.6 Quantum Dynamics of Water Photosplitting
	14.7 Quantum Mode Selectivity
	14.8 “Chain Reactions” toward H[sub(2)] Generation
	14.9 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
15 Onion-Like Inorganic Fullerenes from a Polyhedral Perspective
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Onion-Like Inorganic Fullerenes
	15.3 Basics of Polyhedra
	15.4 Building Principles of Nested Cage Molecules
	15.5 Other Types of Inorganic Fullerene-Like Cages
	15.6 Concluding Remarks
	Appendix on Additional Geometric Properties of Polyhedron Families
	Bibliography
16 Magnetic Properties of Endohedral Fullerenes: Applications and Perspectives
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Magnetic Properties of EMFs
	16.3 Peapods: Spin–Active EMFs inside Carbon Nanotubes
	16.4 Biomedical Applications
	16.5 Endohedral Nitrogen Fullerenes: Towards Quantum Information Applications
	16.6 Atomic Clocks: Fullerenes as Frequency Standards
	16.7 Perspectives
	References
17 Titania Nanotubes
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Titania NT Fabrication
	17.3 Applications
	17.4 Conclusion
	References
18 Nanotubes, Nanowires, and Nanofibers: Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube Fibers
	18.1 Carbon Nanotubes
	18.2 CNT Fibers
	18.3 Applications
	References
19 Hall Effect Characterization of Nanowires
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Hall Effect
	19.3 Modeling the Hall Effect in Nanowires
	19.4 Fabrication of Nanowire Hall Devices
	19.5 Measurements
	19.6 Comparison to Other Characterization Techniques, Challenges and Limits
	References
20 Metal Oxide Nanowire Arrays
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Template-Based Approaches
	20.3 Lithography
	20.4 Post-Synthetic Nanowire Alignment
	20.5 Conclusion
	References
21 Electrospinning and Electrospun Nanofibers
	21.1 Background
	21.2 Electrospinning Mechanism
	21.3 Electrospinning Parameters and Fiber Formation
	21.4 Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers
	21.5 Bicomponent and Multicomponent Electrospinning
	21.6 Conclusion
	References
22 Nanopore Structures and Their Applications
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Methods for Conventional Nanopore Structures
	22.3 Conical Nanopore Structure
	22.4 Applications
	References
23 Methane Storage in Nanoporous Carbons
	23.1 Introduction: The Adsorbed Natural Gas Vehicle and the Nanoporous Carbons
	23.2 Types and Mechanisms of Methane Storage
	23.3 Adsorption Properties of Nanoporous Carbons
	23.4 Experimental Methane Storage Capacities of Nanoporous Carbons
	23.5 Theoretical Methane Storage Capacities of Nanoporous Carbons
	23.6 Comparison with the Methane Storage Capacities of Other Materials
	23.7 Adsorbed Natural Gas Tanks with Nanoporous Carbons
	Acknowledgments
	References
24 Metal Hydroxide and Oxide Nanocages
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Syntheses of Metal Hydroxide Nanocages
	24.3 Syntheses of Metal Oxide Nanocages
	24.4 Potential Applications of Metal Hydroxide and Oxide Nanocages
	24.5 Conclusions and Outlook
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index