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ویرایش:
نویسندگان: American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee.
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9780791872871, 0791872874
ناشر:
سال نشر: 2019
تعداد صفحات: [796]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 21 Mb
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در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب 2019 ASME boiler and pressure vessel code : an international code. Section VIII, Rules for construction of pressure vessels. Division 1 به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب کد دیگ بخار و مخزن تحت فشار ASME 2019: یک کد بین المللی. بخش هشتم، قوانین ساخت مخازن تحت فشار. بخش 1 نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Table of Contents List of Sections INTERPRETATIONS CODE CASES Foreword Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees 1 Introduction 2 Inquiry Format 3 Code Revisions or Additions 4 Code Cases 5 Code Interpretations 6 Submittals Personnel Summary of Changes List of Changes in Record Number Order Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy Footnotes Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees Cross-References Introduction U-1 Scope U-2 General U-3 Standards Referenced by This Division U-4 Units of Measurement U-5 Tolerances Subsection A General Requirements Part UG General Requirements for All Methods of Construction and All Materials Outline placeholder UG-1 Scope Materials UG-4 General UG-5 Plate UG-6 Forgings UG-7 Castings UG-8 Pipe and Tubes UG-9 Welding Materials UG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Division, and Material Not Fully Identified UG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Certification Mark UG-12 Bolts and Studs UG-13 Nuts and Washers UG-14 Rods and Bars UG-15 Product Specification Design UG-16 General UG-17 Methods of Fabrication in Combination UG-18 Materials in Combination UG-19 Special Constructions UG-20 Design Temperature UG-21 Design Pressure UG-22 Loadings UG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UG-24 Castings UG-25 Corrosion UG-26 Linings UG-27 Thickness of Shells Under Internal Pressure UG-28 Thickness of Shells and Tubes Under External Pressure UG-29 Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure UG-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings UG-31 Tubes, and Pipe When Used as Tubes or Shells UG-32 Formed Heads, and Sections, Pressure on Concave Side UG-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UG-34 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers UG-35 Other Types of Closures Openings and Reinforcements UG-36 Openings in Pressure Vessels UG-37 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Shells and Formed Heads UG-38 Flued Openings in Shells and Formed Heads UG-39 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Flat Heads and Covers UG-40 Limits of Reinforcement UG-41 Strength of Reinforcement UG-42 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings UG-43 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls UG-44 Flanges and Pipe Fittings UG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness UG-46 Inspection Openings Braced and Stayed Surfaces UG-47 Braced and Stayed Surfaces UG-48 Staybolts UG-49 Location of Staybolts UG-50 Dimensions of Staybolts Ligaments UG-53 Ligaments UG-54 Supports UG-55 Lugs for Platforms, Ladders, and Other Attachments to Vessel Walls Fabrication UG-75 General UG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock UG-77 Material Identification (see UG-85) UG-78 Repair of Defects in Materials UG-79 Forming Pressure Parts UG-80 Permissible Out‐of‐Roundness of Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells UG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads UG-82 Lugs and Fitting Attachments UG-83 Holes for Screw Stays UG-84 Charpy Impact Tests UG-85 Heat Treatment Inspection and Tests UG-90 General UG-91 The Inspector UG-92 Access for Inspector UG-93 Inspection of Materials UG-94 Marking on Materials UG-95 Examination of Surfaces During Fabrication UG-96 Dimensional Check of Component Parts UG-97 Inspection During Fabrication UG-98 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure UG-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test UG-100 Pneumatic Test (see UW-50) UG-101 Proof Tests to Establish Maximum Allowable Working Pressure UG-102 Test Gages UG-103 Nondestructive Testing Marking and Reports UG-115 General UG-116 Required Marking UG-117 Certificates of Authorization and Certification Marks UG-118 Methods of Marking UG-119 Nameplates UG-120 Data Reports Overpressure Protection UG-125 General UG-126 Pressure Relief Valves UG-127 Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices UG-128 Liquid Pressure Relief Valves UG-129 Marking UG-130 Certification Mark UG-131 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Devices UG-132 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves in Combination With Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices UG-133 Determination of Pressure-Relieving Requirements UG-134 Pressure Settings and Performance Requirements UG-135 Installation UG-136 Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves UG-137 Minimum Requirements for Rupture Disk Devices UG-138 Minimum Requirements for Pin Devices UG-140 Overpressure Protection by System Design Subsection B Requirements Pertaining to Methods of Fabrication of Pressure Vessels Part UW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Welding General UW-1 Scope UW-2 Service Restrictions UW-3 Welded Joint Category Materials UW-5 General UW-6 Nonmandatory Guidelines for Welding Material Selections Design UW-8 General UW-9 Design of Welded Joints UW-10 Postweld Heat Treatment UW-11 Radiographic and Ultrasonic Examination UW-12 Joint Efficiencies UW-13 Attachment Details UW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds UW-15 Welded Connections UW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds at Openings UW-17 Plug Welds UW-18 Fillet Welds UW-19 Welded Stayed Construction UW-20 Tube‐to‐Tubesheet Welds UW-21 ASME B16.5 Socket and Slip-on Flange Welds Fabrication UW-26 General UW-27 Welding Processes UW-28 Qualification of Welding Procedure UW-29 Tests of Welders and Welding Operators UW-30 Lowest Permissible Temperatures for Welding UW-31 Cutting, Fitting, and Alignment UW-32 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded UW-33 Alignment Tolerance UW-34 Spin‐Holes UW-35 Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints UW-36 Fillet Welds UW-37 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements UW-38 Repair of Weld Defects UW-39 Peening UW-40 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment UW-41 Sectioning of Welded Joints UW-42 Surface Weld Metal Buildup Inspection and Tests UW-46 General UW-47 Check of Welding Procedure UW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications UW-49 Check of Postweld Heat Treatment Practice UW-50 Nondestructive Examination of Welds on Pneumatically Tested Vessels UW-51 Radiographic Examination of Welded Joints UW-52 Spot Examination of Welded Joints UW-53 Ultrasonic Examination of Welded Joints UW-54 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel Marking and Reports UW-60 General Part UF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Forging General UF-1 Scope Materials UF-5 General UF-6 Forgings UF-7 Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery Design UF-12 General UF-13 Head Design UF-25 Corrosion Allowance Fabrication UF-26 General UF-27 Tolerances on Body Forgings UF-28 Methods of Forming Forged Heads UF-29 Tolerance on Forged Heads UF-30 Localized Thin Areas UF-31 Heat Treatment UF-32 Welding for Fabrication UF-37 Repair of Defects in Material UF-38 Repair of Weld Defects UF-43 Attachment of Threaded Nozzles to Integrally Forged Necks and Thickened Heads on Vessels Inspection and Tests UF-45 General UF-46 Acceptance by Inspector UF-47 Parts Forging UF-52 Check of Heat Treatment and Postweld Heat Treatment UF-53 Test Specimens UF-54 Tests and Retests UF-55 Ultrasonic Examination Marking and Reports UF-115 General Part UB Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Brazing General UB-1 Scope UB-2 Elevated Temperature UB-3 Service Restrictions Materials UB-5 General UB-6 Brazing Filler Metals UB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres Design UB-9 General UB-10 Strength of Brazed Joints UB-11 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures Up to the Maximum Shown in Column 1 of Table UB-2 UB-12 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures in the Range Shown in Column 2 of Table UB-2 UB-13 Corrosion UB-14 Joint Efficiency Factors UB-15 Application of Brazing Filler Metal UB-16 Permissible Types of Joints UB-17 Joint Clearance UB-18 Joint Brazing Procedure UB-19 Openings UB-20 Nozzles UB-21 Brazed Connections UB-22 Low Temperature Operation Fabrication UB-30 General UB-31 Qualification of Brazing Procedure UB-32 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators UB-33 Buttstraps UB-34 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed UB-35 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed UB-36 Postbrazing Operations UB-37 Repair of Defective Brazing Inspection and Tests UB-40 General UB-41 Inspection During Fabrication UB-42 Procedure UB-43 Brazer and Brazing Operator UB-44 Visual Examination UB-50 Exemptions Marking and Reports UB-55 General Subsection C Requirements Pertaining to Classes of Materials Part UCS Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels General UCS-1 Scope Materials UCS-5 General UCS-6 Steel Plates UCS-7 Steel Forgings UCS-8 Steel Castings UCS-9 Steel Pipe and Tubes UCS-10 Bolt Materials UCS-11 Nuts and Washers UCS-12 Bars and Shapes Design UCS-16 General UCS-19 Welded Joints UCS-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCS-27 Shells Made From Pipe UCS-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UCS-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure UCS-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell UCS-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UCS-56 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment UCS-57 Radiographic Examination Low Temperature Operation UCS-65 Scope UCS-66 Materials UCS-67 Impact Tests of Welding Procedures UCS-68 Design Fabrication UCS-75 General UCS-79 Forming Pressure Parts UCS-85 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens Inspection and Tests UCS-90 General Marking and Reports UCS-115 General Nonmandatory Appendix UCS-A UCS-A-1 General UCS-A-2 Creep–Rupture Properties of Carbon Steels UCS-A-3 Vessels Operating at Temperatures Colder Than the MDMT Stamped on the Nameplate Part UNF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Nonferrous Materials General UNF-1 Scope UNF-3 Uses UNF-4 Conditions of Service Materials UNF-5 General UNF-6 Nonferrous Plate UNF-7 Forgings UNF-8 Castings UNF-12 Bolt Materials UNF-13 Nuts and Washers UNF-14 Rods, Bars, and Shapes UNF-15 Other Materials Design UNF-16 General UNF-19 Welded Joints UNF-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UNF-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UNF-30 Stiffening Rings UNF-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UNF-56 Postweld Heat Treatment UNF-57 Radiographic Examination UNF-58 Liquid Penetrant Examination UNF-65 Low Temperature Operation Fabrication UNF-75 General UNF-77 Forming Shell Sections and Heads UNF-78 Welding UNF-79 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining Inspection and Tests UNF-90 General UNF-91 Requirements for the Image Quality Indicator UNF-95 Welding Test Plates Marking and Reports UNF-115 General Nonmandatory Appendix UNF-A Characteristics of the Nonferrous Materials UNF-A-1 Purpose UNF-A-2 General UNF-A-3 Properties UNF-A-4 Magnetic Properties UNF-A-5 Elevated Temperature Effects UNF-A-6 Low Temperature Behavior UNF-A-7 Thermal Cutting UNF-A-8 Machining UNF-A-9 Gas Welding UNF-A-10 Metal Arc Welding UNF-A-11 Inert Gas Metal Arc Welding UNF-A-12 Resistance Welding UNF-A-13 Corrosion UNF-A-14 Special Comments Part UHA Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of High Alloy Steel General UHA-1 Scope UHA-5 Uses UHA-6 Conditions of Service UHA-8 Material Materials UHA-11 General UHA-12 Bolt Materials UHA-13 Nuts and Washers Design UHA-20 General UHA-21 Welded Joints UHA-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UHA-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UHA-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure UHA-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell UHA-31 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UHA-32 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment UHA-33 Radiographic Examination UHA-34 Liquid Penetrant Examination Fabrication UHA-40 General UHA-42 Weld Metal Composition UHA-44 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining Inspection and Tests UHA-50 General UHA-51 Impact Tests UHA-52 Welded Test Plates Marking and Reports UHA-60 General Nonmandatory Appendix UHA-A Suggestions on the Selection and Treatment of Austenitic Chromium–Nickel and Ferritic and Martensitic High Chromium Steels UHA-A-1 General UHA-A-2 Dissimilar Weld Metal UHA-A-3 Fabrication UHA-A-4 Relaxation Cracking Part UCI Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Iron General UCI-1 Scope UCI-2 Service Restrictions UCI-3 Pressure–Temperature Limitations Materials UCI-5 General UCI-12 Bolt Materials Design UCI-16 General UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCI-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UCI-29 Dual Metal Cylinders UCI-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side UCI-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side UCI-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) UCI-36 Openings and Reinforcements UCI-37 Corners and Fillets Fabrication UCI-75 General UCI-78 Repairs in Cast Iron Materials Inspection and Tests UCI-90 General UCI-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test UCI-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction Marking and Reports UCI-115 General Part UCL Requirements for Welded Pressure Vessels Constructed of Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral Cladding, Weld Metal Overlay Cladding, or Applied Linings General UCL-1 Scope UCL-2 Methods of Fabrication UCL-3 Conditions of Service Materials UCL-10 General UCL-11 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Material UCL-12 Lining Design UCL-20 General UCL-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCL-24 Maximum Allowable Working Temperature UCL-25 Corrosion of Cladding or Lining Material UCL-26 Thickness of Shells and Heads Under External Pressure UCL-27 Low Temperature Operations Fabrication UCL-30 General UCL-31 Joints in Integral or Weld Metal Overlay Cladding and Applied Linings UCL-32 Weld Metal Composition UCL-33 Inserted Strips in Clad Material UCL-34 Postweld Heat Treatment UCL-35 Radiographic Examination UCL-36 Examination of Chromium Stainless Steel Cladding or Lining UCL-40 Welding Procedures UCL-42 Alloy Welds in Base Metal UCL-46 Fillet Welds Inspection and Tests UCL-50 General UCL-51 Tightness of Applied Lining UCL-52 Hydrostatic Test Marking and Reports UCL-55 General Part UCD Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Ductile Iron General UCD-1 Scope UCD-2 Service Restrictions UCD-3 Pressure–Temperature Limitations Materials UCD-5 General UCD-12 Bolt Materials Design UCD-16 General UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCD-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UCD-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side UCD-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side UCD-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) UCD-36 Openings and Reinforcements UCD-37 Corners and Fillets Fabrication UCD-75 General UCD-78 Repairs in Cast Ductile Iron Material Inspection and Tests UCD-90 General UCD-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test UCD-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction Marking and Reports UCD-115 General Part UHT Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Ferritic Steels With Tensile Properties Enhanced by Heat Treatment General UHT-1 Scope Materials UHT-5 General UHT-6 Test Requirements Design UHT-16 General UHT-17 Welded Joints UHT-18 Nozzles UHT-19 Conical Sections UHT-20 Joint Alignment UHT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UHT-25 Corrosion Allowance UHT-27 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UHT-28 Structural Attachments and Stiffening Rings UHT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure UHT-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shells UHT-32 Formed Heads, Pressure on Concave Side UHT-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UHT-34 Hemispherical Heads UHT-40 Materials Having Different Coefficients of Expansion UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment UHT-57 Examination Fabrication UHT-75 General UHT-79 Forming Pressure Parts UHT-80 Heat Treatment UHT-81 Heat Treatment Verification Tests UHT-82 Welding UHT-83 Methods of Metal Removal UHT-84 Weld Finish UHT-85 Structural and Temporary Welds UHT-86 Marking on Plates and Other Materials Inspection and Tests UHT-90 General Marking and Reports UHT-115 General Part ULW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Layered Construction Introduction ULW-1 Scope ULW-2 Nomenclature Material ULW-5 General Design ULW-16 General ULW-17 Design of Welded Joints ULW-18 Nozzle Attachments and Opening Reinforcement ULW-20 Welded Joint Efficiency ULW-22 Attachments ULW-26 Postweld Heat Treatment Welding ULW-31 Welded Joints ULW-32 Welding Procedure Qualification ULW-33 Performance Qualification Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints ULW-50 General ULW-51 Inner Shells and Inner Heads ULW-52 Layers — Welded Joints ULW-53 Layers — Step Welded Girth Joints ULW-54 Butt Joints ULW-55 Flat Head and Tubesheet Weld Joints ULW-56 Nozzle and Communicating Chambers Weld Joints ULW-57 Random Spot Examination and Repairs of Weld Fabrication ULW-75 General ULW-76 Vent Holes ULW-77 Contact Between Layers ULW-78 Alternative to Measuring Contact Between Layers During Construction Inspection and Testing ULW-90 General Marking and Reports ULW-115 General Part ULT Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Materials Having Higher Allowable Stresses at Low Temperature General ULT-1 Scope ULT-2 Conditions of Service ULT-5 General Design ULT-16 General ULT-17 Welded Joints ULT-18 Nozzles and Other Connections ULT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values ULT-27 Thickness of Shells ULT-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure ULT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure ULT-30 Structural Attachments ULT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment ULT-57 Examination Fabrication ULT-75 General ULT-79 Forming Shell Sections and Heads ULT-82 Welding ULT-86 Marking on Plate and Other Materials Inspection and Tests ULT-90 General ULT-99 Hydrostatic Test ULT-100 Pneumatic Test Marking and Reports ULT-115 General Overpressure Protection ULT-125 General Part UHX Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers UHX-1 Scope UHX-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication UHX-3 Terminology UHX-4 Design UHX-8 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W* UHX-9 Tubesheet Extension UHX-10 General Conditions of Applicability for Tubesheets UHX-11 Tubesheet Characteristics UHX-12 Rules for the Design of U‐Tube Tubesheets UHX-13 Rules for the Design of Fixed Tubesheets UHX-14 Rules for the Design of Floating Tubesheets UHX-16 Bellows Expansion Joints UHX-17 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints UHX-18 Pressure Test Requirements UHX-19 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports UHX-20 Examples Part UIG Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Impregnated Graphite Nonmandatory Introduction General UIG-1 Scope UIG-2 Equipment and Service Limitations UIG-3 Terminology Materials UIG-5 Raw Material Control UIG-6 Certified Material Control UIG-7 Additional Properties UIG-8 Tolerances for Impregnated Graphite Tubes Design UIG-22 Loadings UIG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Certified Material UIG-27 Thickness of Cylindrical Shells Made of Certified Materials Under Internal Pressure UIG-28 External Pressure UIG-29 Euler Buckling of Extruded Graphite Tubes UIG-34 Calculating Flat Heads, Covers, and Tubesheets UIG-36 Openings and Reinforcements UIG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness UIG-60 Lethal Service Fabrication UIG-75 General Requirements UIG-76 Procedure and Personnel Qualification UIG-77 Certified Material Specification UIG-78 Certified Cement Specification UIG-79 Certified Cementing Procedure Specification UIG-80 Cementing Technician Qualification UIG-81 Repair of Materials UIG-84 Required Tests Inspection and Tests UIG-90 General UIG-95 Visual Examination UIG-96 Qualification of Visual Examination Personnel UIG-97 Acceptance Standards and Documentation UIG-99 Pressure Tests UIG-112 Quality Control Requirements UIG-115 Markings and Reports UIG-116 Required Markings UIG-120 Data Reports UIG-121 Records Mandatory Appendices Mandatory Appendix 1 Supplementary Design Formulas 1-1 Thickness of Cylindrical and Spherical Shells 1-2 Cylindrical Shells 1-3 Spherical Shells 1-4 Formulas for the Design of Formed Heads Under Internal Pressure 1-5 Rules for Conical Reducer Sections and Conical Heads Under Internal Pressure 1-6 Dished Covers (Bolted Heads) 1-7 Large Openings in Cylindrical and Conical Shells 1-8 Rules for Reinforcement of Cones and Conical Reducers Under External Pressure Mandatory Appendix 2 Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring Type Gaskets 2-1 Scope 2-2 Materials 2-3 Notation 2-4 Circular Flange Types 2-5 Bolt Loads 2-6 Flange Moments 2-7 Calculation of Flange Stresses 2-8 Allowable Flange Design Stresses 2-9 Split Loose Flanges 2-10 Noncircular Shaped Flanges With Circular Bore 2-11 Flanges Subject to External Pressures 2-12 Flanges With Nut‐Stops 2-13 Reverse Flanges 2-14 Flange Rigidity 2-15 Qualification of Assembly Procedures and Assemblers Mandatory Appendix 3 Definitions 3-1 Introduction 3-2 Definitions of Terms Mandatory Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indications in Welds 4-1 Applicability of These Standards 4-2 Terminology 4-3 Acceptance Criteria Mandatory Appendix 5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 5-1 General 5-2 Materials 5-3 Design 5-4 Fabrication 5-5 Inspection and Tests 5-6 Marking and Reports Mandatory Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) 6-1 Scope 6-2 Certification of Competency for Nondestructive Examination Personnel 6-3 Evaluation of Indications 6-4 Acceptance Standards 6-5 Repair Requirements Mandatory Appendix 7 Examination of Steel Castings 7-1 Scope 7-2 Examination Techniques 7-3 Examination Requirements 7-4 Repairs 7-5 Identification and Marking Mandatory Appendix 8 Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) 8-1 Scope 8-2 Certification of Competency of Nondestructive Examination Personnel 8-3 Evaluation of Indications 8-4 Acceptance Standards 8-5 Repair Requirements Mandatory Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels 9-1 Scope 9-2 Types of Jacketed Vessels 9-3 Materials 9-4 Design of Jacket Shells and Jacket Heads 9-5 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel 9-6 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets 9-7 Design of Partial Jackets 9-8 Fabrication 9-10 Inspection Mandatory Appendix 10 Quality Control System 10-1 General 10-2 Outline of Features to Be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System 10-3 Authority and Responsibility 10-4 Organization 10-5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control 10-6 Material Control 10-7 Examination and Inspection Program 10-8 Correction of Nonconformities 10-9 Welding 10-10 Nondestructive Examination 10-11 Heat Treatment 10-12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment 10-13 Records Retention 10-14 Sample Forms 10-15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts 10-16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves 10-17 Certifications Mandatory Appendix 11 Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves 11-1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 11-2 Mandatory Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT) 12-1 Scope 12-2 Certification of Competence of Nondestructive Examiner 12-3 Acceptance–Rejection Standards 12-4 Report of Examination Mandatory Appendix 13 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 13-1 Scope 13-2 Types of Vessels 13-3 Materials 13-4 Design of Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 13-5 Nomenclature 13-6 Ligament Efficiency of Multidiameter Holes in Plates 13-7 Unreinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 13-8 Reinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 13-9 Stayed Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section [Figure 13-2(a), Sketches (7) and (8)] 13-10 Unreinforced Vessels Having an Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (1)] 13-11 Reinforced Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (2)] 13-12 Stayed Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (3)] 13-13 Vessels of Circular Cross Section Having a Single Diametral Staying Member [Figure 13-2(c)] 13-14 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section Subject to External Pressure 13-15 Fabrication 13-16 Inspection 13-17 Examples 13-18 Special Calculations Mandatory Appendix 14 Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally Located Opening 14-1 Scope 14-2 Nomenclature 14-3 Design Procedure 14-4 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 17 Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies 17-1 Scope 17-2 Service Restrictions 17-3 Materials 17-4 Thickness Limitations 17-5 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) 17-6 Design Limitations 17-7 Welding Control 17-8 Quality Control 17-9 Records 17-10 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 18 Adhesive Attachment of Nameplates 18-1 Scope 18-2 Nameplate Application Procedure Qualification Mandatory Appendix 19 Electrically Heated or Gas-Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles 19-1 Scope 19-2 Service Restrictions 19-3 Materials 19-4 Design 19-5 Inspection and Stamping 19-6 Pressure Relief 19-7 Appurtenances and Controls 19-8 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 20 Hubs Machined From Plate 20-1 Scope 20-2 Material 20-3 Examination Requirements 20-4 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 21 Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work‐Hardened Nickel 21-1 Scope 21-2 Design Requirements 21-3 Fabrication 21-4 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 22 Integrally Forged Vessels 22-1 Scope 22-2 Material 22-3 Design 22-4 Heat Treatment 22-5 Marking 22-6 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 23 External Pressure Design of Copper, Copper Alloy, and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins 23-1 Scope 23-2 Materials 23-3 Test Procedure 23-4 Criteria 23-5 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 24 Design Rules for Clamp Connections 24-1 Scope 24-2 Materials 24-3 Notation 24-4 Bolt Loads 24-5 Hub Moments 24-6 Calculation of Hub Stresses 24-7 Calculation of Clamp Stresses 24-8 Allowable Design Stresses for Clamp Connections Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 26-1 Scope 26-2 Conditions of Applicability 26-3 Nomenclature 26-4 Design Considerations 26-4.1 General 26-4.2 Fatigue 26-4.3 Torsion 26-5 Materials 26-6 Design of U‐Shaped Unreinforced Bellows 26-6.1 Scope 26-6.2 Conditions of Applicability 26-6.3 Internal Pressure Capacity 26-6.4 Instability Due to Internal Pressure 26-6.5 External Pressure Strength 26-6.6 Fatigue Evaluation 26-6.7 Axial Stiffness 26-7 Design of U‐Shaped Reinforced Bellows 26-7.1 Scope 26-7.2 Conditions of Applicability 26-7.3 Internal Pressure Capacity 26-7.4 Instability Due to Internal Pressure 26-7.5 External Pressure Strength 26-7.6 Fatigue Evaluation 26-7.7 Axial Stiffness 26-8 Design of Toroidal Bellows 26-8.1 Scope 26-8.2 Conditions of Applicability 26-8.3 Internal Pressure Capacity 26-8.4 Instability Due to Internal Pressure 26-8.5 External Pressure Strength 26-8.6 Fatigue Evaluation 26-8.7 Axial Stiffness 26-9 Bellows Subjected to Axial, Lateral, or Angular Displacements 26-9.1 General 26-9.2 Axial Displacement 26-9.3 Lateral Deflection 26-9.4 Angular Rotation 26-9.5 Total Equivalent Axial Displacement Per Convolution 26-9.6 Total Equivalent Axial Displacement Range per Convolution 26-10 Fabrication 26-11 Examination 26-12 Pressure Test Requirements 26-12.1 Design Requirements 26-12.2 Test Requirements 26-13 Marking and Reports 26-14 Examples 26-15 Polynomial Approximation for Coefficients Cp, Cf, Cd 26-15.1 Coefficient Cp 26-15.2 Coefficient Cf 26-15.3 Coefficient Cd Mandatory Appendix 27 Alternative Requirements for Glass‐Lined Vessels 27-1 Scope 27-2 Permissible Out‐of‐Roundness of Cylindrical Shells Under Internal Pressure 27-3 Permissible Tolerance for Hemispherical or 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads 27-4 Hydrostatic Test 27-5 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens 27-6 Low Temperature Operation 27-7 Postweld Heat Treatment 27-8 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 30 Rules for Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through Vessel Wall 30-1 Scope 30-2 Supplementary Requirements 30-3 Nomenclature Mandatory Appendix 31 Rules for Cr–Mo Steels With Additional Requirements for Welding and Heat Treatment 31-1 Scope 31-2 Postweld Heat Treatment 31-3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment 31-4 Welding Procedure Qualification and Welding Consumables Testing 31-5 Toughness Requirements Mandatory Appendix 32 Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments of Shells 32-1 Scope 32-2 General Requirements 32-3 Nomenclature 32-4 Allowable Locations for Local Thin Areas 32-5 Blend Grinding Requirements for Local Thin Areas 32-6 Single Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 32-7 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 32-8 Single Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 32-9 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 32-10 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 33 Standard Units for Use in Equations Mandatory Appendix 34 Requirements for Use of High Silicon Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessels 34-1 Scope 34-2 Heat Treatment 34-3 Weld Procedure Qualification 34-4 Toughness Requirements 34-5 Additional Requirements Mandatory Appendix 35 Rules for Mass Production of Pressure Vessels 35-1 Introduction 35-2 Scope 35-3 General 35-4 Quality Control Procedures 35-5 Data Reports 35-6 Pneumatic Testing 35-7 Hydrostatic Testing Mandatory Appendix 36 Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Strength of Certified Materials Using Three‐Point Loading 36-1 Scope 36-2 Terminology 36-3 Apparatus 36-4 Test Specimen 36-5 Procedure 36-6 Test Data Record 36-7 Calculation 36-8 Report Mandatory Appendix 37 Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Strength of Certified Impregnated Graphite Materials 37-1 Scope 37-2 Terminology 37-3 Apparatus 37-4 Test Specimens 37-5 Procedure 37-6 Test Data Record 37-7 Calculations 37-8 Reports Mandatory Appendix 38 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Impregnated Graphite 38-1 Scope 38-2 Referenced Documents 38-3 Terminology 38-4 Significance and Use 38-5 Apparatus 38-6 Sampling 38-7 Test Specimen 38-8 Procedure 38-9 Calculation 38-10 Report 38-11 Precision and Bias Mandatory Appendix 39 Testing the Coefficient of Permeability of Impregnated Graphite 39-1 Scope and Field of Application 39-2 Concept 39-3 Principle 39-4 Apparatus 39-5 Specimens 39-6 Procedure 39-7 Test Report 39-8 Precision Mandatory Appendix 40 Thermal Expansion Test Method for Graphite and Impregnated Graphite 40-1 Scope 40-2 Test Method 40-3 Equipment 40-4 Test Specimen 40-5 Testing Process 40-6 Thermal Expansion Factor 40-6.1 Linear Average Factor From θo to θm 40-6.2 Factor at θm 40-6.3 Report Mandatory Appendix 41 Electric Immersion Heater Element Support Plates 41-1 Scope 41-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication 41-3 Terminology 41-4 Conditions of Applicability for EIH Support Plates 41-5 Nomenclature 41-6 Design Considerations 41-7 Calculation Procedure 41-8 Pressure Test Requirement 41-9 Data Reports 41-10 Example 41-10.1 Data Summary Mandatory Appendix 42 Diffusion Bonding 42-1 General 42-2 Diffusion Bonding Procedure Specification (DBPS) 42-3 Diffusion Bonding Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) 42-4 Diffusion Bonding Performance Qualification (DBPQ) 42-5 Diffusion Bonding Variables 42-5.1 Essential Variables for All Diffusion Bonding Processes 42-5.2 Nonessential Variables 42-6 Mechanical Testing of DBPQ and DBPS Diffusion Bonded Blocks 42-6.1 Number of Test Samples 42-6.2 Mechanical Testing 42-7 Production Diffusion Bond Examination 42-8 Design Mandatory Appendix 43 Establishing Governing Code Editions and Cases for Pressure Vessels and Parts 43-1 General 43-2 Construction 43-3 Materials Mandatory Appendix 44 Cold Stretching of Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels 44-1 Scope 44-2 General Requirements 44-3 Nomenclature 44-4 Materials and Allowable Design Stress 44-5 Design 44-6 Fabrication Process 44-6.1 Welding and Examination 44-6.2 Cold-Stretching Operation 44-6.3 Cold-Stretching Procedure Record 44-7 Stamping and Certification Mandatory Appendix 45 Plate Heat Exchangers 45-1 Scope 45-2 Materials of Construction 45-3 Terminology 45-3.1 General 45-3.2 Definitions of Gasketed or Semiwelded PHE Components 45-3.3 Definitions of Fully Welded PHE Components 45-3.4 Definitions of Brazed PHE Components 45-4 Conditions of Applicability 45-5 Design Considerations 45-6 Calculation Procedure 45-7 Pressure Test Requirements 45-8 Manufacturer’s Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 46 Rules for Use of Section VIII, Division 2 46-1 Scope 46-2 Allowable Design Stress and Other Material Rules 46-3 Design by Rule 46-4 Design by Analysis Nonmandatory Appendices Nonmandatory Appendix A Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube‐to‐Tubesheet Joints A-1 General A-2 Maximum Axial Loadings A-3 Shear Load Test A-4 Acceptance Standards for fr Determined by Test A-5 Acceptance Standards for Proposed Operating Temperatures Determined by Test Nonmandatory Appendix C Suggested Methods for Obtaining the Operating Temperature of Vessel Walls in Service C-1 Thermocouple Installation C-2 Alternative Thermocouple Installation Nonmandatory Appendix D Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal Structures D-1 Introduction D-2 Internal Structures Support D-3 Internal Structures Support Guidelines Nonmandatory Appendix E Suggested Good Practice Regarding Corrosion Allowance E-1 General E-2 Predictable Corrosion Rate E-3 Indeterminate Corrosion Rate E-4 Negligible Corrosion Rate E-5 Corrosive Service E-6 External Attachment Corrosion Rate Nonmandatory Appendix F Suggested Good Practice Regarding Linings F-1 General F-2 Metal Linings F-3 Paint F-4 Hydrotest Considerations for Metal Linings Nonmandatory Appendix G Suggested Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions and Design of Supports and Attachments G-1 General G-2 Supports Considerations G-3 Vertical Vessels, Post Supported G-4 Vertical Vessels Supported at Shell G-5 Vertical Vessels, Skirt Supported G-6 Horizontal Vessel Supports G-7 Horizontal Gas Storage Tank Supports G-8 Attachments Subject to Cyclic Loading G-9 Additional References Nonmandatory Appendix H Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration H-1 Scope H-2 General H-3 Design Limitations H-4 Design Criteria H-4.1 Safety Margin H-4.2 Likelihood of Occurrence H-4.3 Consequences of Occurrence H-4.4 Strain Concentration H-5 References Nonmandatory Appendix K Sectioning of Welded Joints K-1 Etch Tests K-2 Closure of Openings Resulting From Sectioning Nonmandatory Appendix L Application of Rules for Joint Efficiency in Shells and Heads of Vessels With Welded Joints L-1 Vessels Under Internal Pressure L-1.1 Introduction L-1.2 Requirements for Radiography L-1.3 Application of Joint Efficiency Factors L-1.4 Flowcharts Nonmandatory Appendix M Installation and Operation M-1 Introduction M-2 Corrosion M-3 Marking on the Vessel M-4 Pressure-Relieving Devices M-5 Stop Valves Located in the Relief Path M-5.1 General M-5.2 Definitions M-5.3 Responsibilities M-5.4 Requirements of Procedures/Management System M-5.5 Stop Valves Provided in Systems for Which the Pressure Originates Exclusively From an Outside Source M-5.6 Stop Valve(s) Provided Upstream or Downstream of the Pressure Relief Device Exclusively for Maintenance of That Device M-5.7 Stop Valve(s) Provided in the Pressure Relief Path Where There Is Normally Process Flow M-5.8 Stop Valves Provided in the Relief Path of Equipment Where There Is Normally Process Flow and Where Fire Is the Only Potential Source of Overpressure M-6 Inlet Pressure Drop for High Lift, Top-Guided Safety, Safety Relief, and Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves in Compressible Fluid Service M-7 Discharge Lines From Pressure Relief Devices M-8 Pressure Drop, Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices M-9 General Advisory Information on the Characteristics of Pressure Relief Devices Discharging Into a Common Header M-10 Pressure Differentials for Pressure Relief Valves M-11 Installation of Safety and Safety Relief Valves M-12 Reaction Forces and Externally Applied Loads M-13 Sizing of Pressure Relief Devices for Fire Conditions M-14 Pressure-Indicating Device Nonmandatory Appendix P Basis for Establishing Allowable Stress Values for UCI, UCD, and ULT Materials P-1 Nonmandatory Appendix R Preheating Introduction R-1 P‐No. 1 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 R-2 P‐No. 3 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 R-3 P‐No. 4 Group Nos. 1 and 2 R-4 P‐Nos. 5A and 5B Group No. 1 R-5 P‐No. 6 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 R-6 P‐No. 7 Group Nos. 1 and 2 R-7 P‐No. 8 Group Nos. 1 and 2 R-8 P‐No. 9 Groups R-9 P‐No. 10 Groups R-10 P‐No. 11 Groups R-11 P‐No. 15E Group No. 1 Nonmandatory Appendix S Design Considerations for Bolted Flange Connections S-1 Bolting Nonmandatory Appendix T Temperature Protection Nonmandatory Appendix W Guide for Preparing Manufacturer’s Data Reports W-1 Guide for Preparing Manufacturer’s Data Reports W-2 Guide for Preparing Supplemental Data Reports for Parts Constructed of Graphite Nonmandatory Appendix Y Flat Face Flanges With Metal‐to‐Metal Contact Outside the Bolt Circle Y-1 General Y-2 Materials Y-3 Notation Y-4 Bolt Loads Y-5 Classification of Assemblies and Categorization of Individual Flanges Y-5.1 Classification of a Nonmandatory Appendix Y Assembly Y-5.2 Categorization of a Nonmandatory Appendix Y Flange Y-6 Flange Analysis Y-6.1 The Analysis of a Class 1 Assembly Y-6.2 The Analysis of a Class 2 Assembly Y-6.3 The Analysis of a Class 3 Assembly Y-7 Allowable Flange Design Stresses Y-8 Prestressing the Bolts Y-9 Estimating Flange Thicknesses and Bolting Y-10 Nonmandatory Appendix DD Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization Nonmandatory Appendix EE Half‐Pipe Jackets EE-1 General EE-2 Half‐Pipe Jackets EE-3 Jackets With Other Geometries Nonmandatory Appendix FF Guide for the Design and Operation of Quick‐Actuating and Quick‐Opening Closures FF-1 Introduction FF-2 Responsibilities FF-3 Design FF-4 Installation FF-5 Maintenance FF-6 Inspection FF-7 Training FF-8 Administrative Controls Nonmandatory Appendix GG Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code GG-1 Use of Units in Equations GG-2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents GG-3 Soft Conversion Factors Nonmandatory Appendix HH Tube Expanding Procedures and Qualification HH-1 General HH-2 Scope HH-3 Terms and Definitions HH-4 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS) HH-5 Tube Expanding Procedure Qualification HH-5.1 No Test Qualification HH-5.2 Test Qualification HH-5.3 Tube Expanding Procedure Qualification Record (TEPQR) for Test Joint Efficiencies HH-6 Tube Expanding Performance Qualification (TEPQ) HH-6.1 No Test Qualification HH-6.2 Test Qualification HH-7 Tube Expanding Variables HH-7.1 Essential Variables for All Expanding Processes HH-7.2 Essential Variables for Roller Expanding HH-7.3 Essential Variables for Hydraulic Expanding HH-7.4 Essential Variables for Explosive Expanding HH-7.5 Essential Variables for Hybrid Expanding HH-7.6 Nonessential Variables Nonmandatory Appendix JJ Flowcharts Illustrating Toughness Testing Requirements and Exemptions From Toughness Testing by the Rules of UHA-51 JJ-1 UHA-51 Toughness Test Requirements for High Alloy Vessels JJ-1.1 Introduction JJ-1.2 Flowcharts Nonmandatory Appendix KK Guide for Preparing User’s Design Requirements KK-1 Introduction Nonmandatory Appendix LL Graphical Representations of Ft,min and Ft,max Nonmandatory Appendix MM Alternative Marking and Stamping of Graphite Pressure Vessels MM-1 General Requirements MM-2 Application of the Certification Mark MM-3 Application of Characters Directly to Graphite MM-4 Acceptance Criterion Nonmandatory Appendix NN Guidance to the Responsibilities of the User and Designated Agent NN-1 Introduction NN-2 Information Regarding the “User” Designation NN-3 Information Regarding the User’s “Designated Agent” NN-4 Common Scenarios Involving the “User” or “Designated Agent” Responsibilities NN-5 Examples Illustrating the NN-4 Common Scenarios Involving the “User or His Designated Agent” NN-6 Specific Code-Assigned Responsibilities Figures UG-28 Diagrammatic Representation of Variables for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure UG-28.1 Diagrammatic Representation of Lines of Support for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure UG-29.1 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure UG-29.2 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of Gap in Stiffening Ring of Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure UG-30 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings UG-33.1 Length Lc of Some Typical Conical Sections for External Pressure UG-34 Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers UG-36 Large Head Openings — Reverse-Curve and Conical Shell-Reducer Sections UG-37 Chart for Determining Value of F, as Required in UG-37 UG-37.1 Nomenclature and Formulas for Reinforced Openings UG-38 Minimum Depth for Flange of Flued‐In Openings UG-39 Openings in Flat Heads and Covers UG-40 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Reinforcement Dimension te and the Opening Dimension d UG-41.1 Nozzle Attachment Weld Loads and Weld Strength Paths to Be Considered UG-42 Examples of Multiple Openings UG-47 Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Stays UG-53.1 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row UG-53.2 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row UG-53.3 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row UG-53.4 Example of Tube Spacing With Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines UG-53.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells UG-53.6 Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells UG-80.1 Maximum Permissible Deviation From a Circular Form e for Vessels Under External Pressure UG-80.2 Example of Differences Between Maximum and Minimum Inside Diameters in Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells UG-84 Simple Beam Impact Test Specimens (Charpy Type Test) UG-84.1 Charpy V‐Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Having a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Less Than 95 ksi, Listed in Table UCS-23 UG-84.1M Charpy V‐Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Having a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Less Than 655 MPa, Listed in Table UCS-23 UG-84.5 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal UG-116 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Standard UG-118 Form of Stamping UG-129.1 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Standard for Pressure Relief Valves UG-129.2 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Standard for Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices UW-3 Illustration of Welded Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, and D UW-9-1 Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness UW-9-2 Butt Welding of Components to Thickened Neck Nozzles UW-13.1 Heads Attached to Shells UW-13.3 Typical Pressure Parts With Butt-Welded Hubs UW-13.4 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness UW-13.5 Fabricated Lap Joint Stub Ends for Lethal Service UW-16.1 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells, Heads, etc UW-16.2 Some Acceptable Types of Small Standard Fittings UW-16.3 Some Acceptable Types of Small Bolting Pads UW-21 Welds of Socket Weld Flanges to Nozzle Necks UB-14 Examples of Filler Metal Application UB-16 Some Acceptable Types of Brazed Joints UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves UCS-66M Impact Test Exemption Curves UCS-66.1 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing UCS-66.1M Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing UCS-66.2 Diagram of UCS-66 Rules for Determining Lowest Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) Without Impact Testing UCS-66.3 Some Typical Vessel Details Showing the Governing Thicknesses as Defined in UCS-66 UHA-51-1 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content UHT-6.1 Charpy V‐Notch Impact Test Requirements UHT-6.1M Charpy V‐Notch Impact Test Requirements UHT-18.2 Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Radiographable With Difficulty and Generally Requiring Special Techniques Including Multiple Exposures to Take Care of Thickness Variations ULW-2.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types ULW-2.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types ULW-17.2 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections ULW-17.3 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections ULW-17.4 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells ULW-17.5 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells ULW-17.6 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered‐to‐Layered and Layered‐to‐Solid Sections ULW-18.1 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments in Layered Shell Sections ULW-22 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels ULW-32.1 Solid‐to‐Layered and Layered‐to‐Layered Test Plates ULW-32.2 ULW-32.3 ULW-32.4 ULW-54.1 ULW-54.2 ULW-77 UHX-3 Terminology of Heat Exchanger Components UHX-4-1 Nozzles Adjacent to Tubesheets UHX-9 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the Tubesheet Flanged Extension, hr UHX-10 Integral Channels UHX-11.3-1 Tubesheet Geometry UHX-11.3-2 Typical Untubed Lane Configurations UHX-11.3-3 Location of Tubesheet Metal Temperature, T', at Rim UHX-11.5.2-1 Curves for the Determination of E*/E and ν* (Equilateral Triangular Pattern) UHX-11.5.2-2 Curves for the Determination of E*/E and ν* (Square Pattern) UHX-12.1 U‐Tube Tubesheet Configurations UHX-12.2 Tube Layout Perimeter UHX-13.1 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations UHX-13.2 Zd, Zv, Zw, and Zm Versus Xa UHX-13.5.7-1 Fm Versus Xa (0.0 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.8) UHX-13.5.7-2 Fm Versus Xa (−0.8 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.0) UHX-13.10.3-1 Kettle Shell UHX-14.2 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations UIG-34-1 Typical Graphite Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger UIG-34-2 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations UIG-34-3 Floating Tubesheet Configurations UIG-34-4 Tubesheet Geometry UIG-36-1 Unacceptable Nozzle Attachment Details UIG-36-2 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachment Details in Impregnated Graphite Pressure Vessels UIG-76-1 Tension Test Specimen UIG-76-2 Cement Material Tension Test Specimen UIG-76-3 Tube-to-Tubesheet Tension Test Specimen UIG-76-4 Tube Cement Joint Tension Test Specimen UIG-76-5 Tube Tension Test Specimen 1-4 Principal Dimensions of Typical Heads 1-6 Dished Covers With Bolting Flanges 1-7-1 1-7-2 2-4 Types of Flanges 2-7.1 Values of T, U, Y, and Z (Terms Involving K) 2-7.2 Values of F (Integral Flange Factors) 2-7.3 Values of V (Integral Flange Factors) 2-7.4 Values of FL (Loose Hub Flange Factors) 2-7.5 Values of VL (Loose Hub Flange Factors) 2-7.6 Values of f (Hub Stress Correction Factor) 2-13.1 Reverse Flange 2-13.2 Loose Ring Type Reverse Flange 4-1 Aligned Rounded Indications 4-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications 4-3 Charts for t Equal to 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), Inclusive 4-4 Charts for t Over 1/4 in. to 3/8 in. (6 mm to 10 mm), Inclusive 4-5 Charts for t Over 3/8 in. to 3/4 in. (10 mm to 19 mm), Inclusive 4-6 Charts for t Over 3/4 in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 50 mm), Inclusive 4-7 Charts for t Over 2 in. to 4 in. (50 mm to 100 mm), Inclusive 4-8 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm) 5-1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 5-2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element 9-2 Some Acceptable Types of Jacketed Vessels 9-5 Some Acceptable Types of Jacket Closures 9-6 Some Acceptable Types of Penetration Details 9-7 11-1 Constant, C, for Gas or Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv) 11-1M Constant, C, for Gas or Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv) 11-2 Flow Capacity Curve for Rating Nozzle-Type Safety Valves on Saturated Water (Based on 10% Overpressure) 11-2M Flow Capacity Curve for Rating Nozzle-Type Safety Valves on Saturated Water (Based on 10% Overpressure) 13-2(a) Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 13-2(b) Vessels of Obround Cross Section 13-2(c) Vessel of Circular Cross Section With Central Dividing Plate 13-6 Plate With Multidiameter Hole Pattern 13-14(a) 13-14(b) Orientation of Panel Dimensions and Stresses 14-1 Integral Flat Head With Large Central Opening 17-1 Two Embossed Plates 17-2 Two Dimpled Plates 17-3 Embossed Plate to Plain Plate 17-4 Arc‐Spot‐Welded Two‐Layer Assembly 17-5 Dimpled Plate Welded to Plain Plate 17-6 Three‐Ply Assemblies 17-7 Single‐Spot‐Weld Tension Specimen, Two‐Ply Joint 17-8 Seam‐Weld Specimen for Tension and Macrosection, Two‐Ply Joint 17-9 Single Spot‐Weld Tension Specimen for Three‐Ply Joint 17-10 Seam‐Weld Specimen for Tension and Macrosection for Three‐Ply Joint 17-11 Gas Metal Arc‐Spot‐Weld Block for Macrosections and Strength Tests 17-12 Gas Metal Arc‐Spot‐Weld Block for Bend Tests 17-13 Gas Tungsten‐Arc Seam Weld, Plasma‐Arc Seam Weld, Submerged‐Arc Seam Weld, and Laser Beam Seam Weld Test Specimen for Bend Tests 17-14 17-15 17-16 Peel Test 17-17 Complete Penetration Welding Per 17-1(c) 22-1 Typical Sections of Special Seamless Vessels 24-1 Typical Hub and Clamp 24-2 Typical Clamp Lug Configurations 26-1-1 Typical Bellows Expansion Joints 26-1-2 Starting Points for the Measurement of the Length of Shell on Each Side of the Bellows 26-2 Dimensions to Determine Ixx 26-3 Possible Convolution Profile in the Neutral Position 26-4 Coefficient Cp 26-5 Coefficient Cf 26-6 Coefficient Cd 26-7 Bellows Subjected to an Axial Displacement x 26-8 Bellows Subjected to a Lateral Deflection y 26-9 Bellows Subjected to an Angular Rotation θ 26-10 Cyclic Displacements 26-11 Cyclic Displacements 26-12 Cyclic Displacements 26-13 Some Typical Expansion Bellows to Weld End Details 26-14 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances 30-1 Thickness Ratio Versus Diameter Ratio 31-1 32-3 Nomenclature 32-4-1 Limits for Torispherical Head 32-4-2 Limits for Ellipsoidal Head 32-4-3 Limits for Hemispherical Head 32-5-1 LTA Blend Grinding 36-4-1 Test Specimen Arrangement 39-4-1 Schematic Diagram of Vacuum Apparatus 40-3-1 Typical Equipment (Dilometer) for Thermal Expansion Test 40-6-1 Typical Recording Curve in Thermal Expansion Test, ΔLt = f(θ) 41-1-1 EIH Support Plate Gasketed With Mating Flange 41-4-1 Typical EIH Support Plate and Element Geometry 41-5-1 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the EIH Support Plate Flanged Extension, hr 45-3.1-1 Typical Plate Heat Exchanger A-2 Some Acceptable Types of Tube‐to‐Tubesheet Welds A-3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube‐to‐Tubesheet Joints L-1.4-1 Joint Efficiency and Weld Joint Type — Cylinders and Cones L-1.4-2 Joint Efficiency and Weld Joint Type — Heads L-1.4-3 Joint Efficiencies for Category A and D Welded Joints in Shells, Heads, or Cones L-1.4-4 Joint Efficiencies for Category B and C Welded Joints in Shells or Cones W-3.1 Example of the Use of Form U-4 Y-3.1 Y-3.2 Flange Dimensions and Forces Y-5.1.1 Class 1 Flange Assembly (Identical Flange Pairs) Y-5.1.2 Class 2 Flange Assembly Y-5.1.3 Class 3 Flange Assembly EE-1 NPS 2 Pipe Jacket EE-2 NPS 3 Pipe Jacket EE-3 NPS 4 Pipe Jacket EE-4 EE-5 JJ-1.2-1 Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Metal and HAZ Toughness Testing Requirements JJ-1.2-2 Welding Procedure Qualification With Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel JJ-1.2-3 Welding Consumable Pre‐Use Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel JJ-1.2-4 Production Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel JJ-1.2-5 Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex, Ferritic Chromium, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Toughness Testing Requirements LL-1 Graphical Representation of Ft,min LL-2 Graphical Representation of Ft,max Tables U-3 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division U-4-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations UG-33.1 Values of Spherical Radius Factor Ko for Ellipsoidal Head With Pressure on Convex Side UG-37 Values of Spherical Radius Factor K1 UG-43 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections UG-44-1 Moment Factor, FM UG-45 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements UG-79-1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains UG-84.2 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below Minimum Design Metal Temperature UG-84.3 Specifications for Impact Tested Materials in Various Product Forms UG-84.4 Impact Test Temperature Differential UG-84.6 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal UW-12 Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Welded Joints UW-16.1 Minimum Thickness Requirements for Fittings UW-33 UB-2 Maximum Design Temperatures for Brazing Filler Metal UB-17 Recommended Joint Clearances at Brazing Temperature UCS-23 Carbon and Low Alloy Steel UCS-56-1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 1 UCS-56-2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 3 UCS-56-3 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 4 UCS-56-4 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-Nos. 5A, 5B, and 5C UCS-56-5 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 9A UCS-56-6 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 9B UCS-56-7 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 10A UCS-56-8 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 10B UCS-56-9 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 10C UCS-56-11 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels — P-No. 15E UCS-56.1 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels UCS-57 Thickness Above Which Full Radiographic Examination of Butt-Welded Joints Is Mandatory UCS-66 Tabular Values for Figure UCS-66 and Figure UCS-66M UCS-79-1 Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials UNF-23.1 Nonferrous Metals — Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Products UNF-23.2 Nonferrous Metals — Copper and Copper Alloys UNF-23.3 Nonferrous Metals — Nickel, Cobalt, and High Nickel Alloys UNF-23.4 Nonferrous Metals — Titanium and Titanium Alloys UNF-23.5 Nonferrous Metals — Zirconium UNF-79 Postfabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment UHA-23 High Alloy Steel UHA-32-1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 6 UHA-32-2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 7 UHA-32-3 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 8 UHA-32-4 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 10H UHA-32-5 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 10I UHA-32-6 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 10K UHA-32-7 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 45 UHA-44 Postfabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Cast Iron UCI-78.1 UCI-78.2 UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Cast Ductile Iron, ksi (MPa) UCD-78.1 UCD-78.2 UHT-23 Ferritic Steels With Properties Enhanced by Heat Treatment UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Materials in Table UHT-23 ULT-23 V001 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for 5%, 7%, 8%, and 9% Nickel Steels; Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steels; and 5083‐0 Aluminum Alloy at Cryogenic Temperatures for Welded and Nonwelded Construction ULT-82 Minimum Tensile Strength Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification Tests on Tension Specimens Conforming to Section IX, Figures QW-462.1(a) Through QW-462.1(e) ULT-82M Minimum Tensile Strength Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification Tests on Tension Specimens Conforming to Section IX, Figures QW-462.1(a) Through QW-462.1(e) UHX-8.1 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W* UHX-12.4-1 UHX-13.1 Formulas for Determination of Zd, Zv, Zm, Zw, and Fm UHX-13.2 Formulas for Determination of Ft,min and Ft,max UHX-13.4-1 UHX-13.8.4-1 UHX-14.4-1 UHX-14.6.4-1 UHX-17 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joint Load Cases and Stress Limits UIG-6-1 Properties of Certified Material UIG-34-1 UIG-34-2 Values for Determining E*/E and v* Equilateral Triangular Pattern UIG-34-3 Values for Determining E*/E and v* Equilateral Square Pattern UIG-34-4 Formulas for Determination of Zd, Zv, Zm, Zw, and Fm UIG-34-5 Formulas for Determination of Ft,min and Ft,max UIG-84-1 Test Frequency for Certified Materials 1-4.1 Values of Factor K 1-4.2 Values of Factor M 1-4.3 Maximum Metal Temperature 1-4.4 Values of Knuckle Radius, r 1-5.1 Values of Δ for Junctions at the Large Cylinder for α ≤ 30 deg 1-5.2 Values of Δ for Junctions at the Small Cylinder for α ≤ 30 deg 1-8.1 Values of Δ for Junctions at the Large Cylinder for α ≤ 60 deg 2-4 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Widths for Sheet and Composite Gaskets 2-5.1 Gasket Materials and Contact Facings 2-7.1 Flange Factors in Formula Form 2-14 Flange Rigidity Factors 4-1 11-1 Molecular Weights of Gases and Vapors 13-8(d) 13-8(e) 13-13(c) 13-18.1 13-18(b) 24-8 Allowable Design Stress for Clamp Connections 26-2-1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of Mandatory Appendix 26 26-8 Tabular Values for Coefficients B1, B2, B3 26-10-1 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances 26-15.1a Polynomial Coefficients αi for the Determination of Cp When C1 ≤ 0.3 26-15.1b Polynomial Coefficients αi for the Determination of Cp When C1 > 0.3 26-15.2 Polynomial Coefficients βi for the Determination of Cf 26-15.3 Polynomial Coefficients γi for the Determination of Cd 31-1 Material Specifications 31-2 Composition Requirements for 21/4Cr–1Mo–1/4V Weld Metal 34-1 Material Specifications 34-2 Additional Requirements 42-5.1-1 44-4-1 Allowable Materials and Design Stress A-2 Efficiencies fr P-1 Criteria for Establishing Allowable Stress Values W-3 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports W-3.1 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports for Layered Vessels W-3.2 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance Forms UV-1 and UD-1 Y-6.1 Summary of Applicable Equations for Different Classes of Assemblies and Different Categories of Flanges Y-9.1 Trial Flange Thickness and Area of Bolting for Various Classes of Assemblies and Flange Categories QEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form KK-1 Instructions for the Preparation of User’s Design Requirements NN-6-1 Responsibilities of the User NN-6-2 Matters of Agreement Between the User and the Manufacturer NN-6-3 The Manufacturer’s Responsibility to the User NN-6-4 Recommendations to the User NN-6-5 Responsibilities of the User or His Designated Agent NN-6-6 Matters of Agreement Between the User or His Designated Agent and the Manufacturer NN-6-7 The Manufacturer’s Responsibility to the User or His Designated Agent NN-6-8 Recommendations to the User or His Designated Agent NN-6-9 Cautionary Advice Provided to the User NN-6-10 Guidance Code to Users and Their Designated Agents NN-6-11 User–Manufacturer Rules Forms CMQ Certified Material Qualification Form CCQ Certified Cement Qualification Form CPQ Cementing Procedure Qualification Form CTQ Cementing Technician Qualification Form 26-1 Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 26-1M Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints U-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels U-1A Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels U-1B Manufacturer’s Supplementary Data Report for Graphite Pressure Vessels U-1P Manufacturer’s Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers U-2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report U-2A Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report (Alternative Form) U-3 Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] U-3A Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance (Alternative Form) Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] U-3P Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance for Plate Heat Exchangers Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] U-4 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet U-5 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers UV-1 Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance for Pressure Relief Valves UD-1 Manufacturer’s Certificate of Conformance for Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices QEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS) QEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR) U-DR-1 User’s Design Requirements for Single-Chamber Pressure Vessels U-DR-2 User’s Design Requirements for Multichamber Pressure Vessels Endnotes