11th Hour: Introduction to Biology (Eleventh Hour - Boston)

Introduction to Biology......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 7
11TH HOUR GUIDE TO SUCCESS......Page 11
PREFACE......Page 12
Unit I: FROM ATOMS TO LIVING CELLS......Page 13
TOPIC 1: A BRIEF HISTORY OF LIFE AND THE UNIVERSE......Page 15
TOPIC 2: MAJOR GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT LIFE......Page 17
TOPIC 3: SCIENTIFIC METHOD......Page 20
TOPIC 1: ATOMS......Page 25
TOPIC 2: CHEMICAL BONDS......Page 28
TOPIC 3: WATER: pH AND HYDROGEN BONDS......Page 30
TOPIC 4: CARBON: TETRAHEDRAL BONDS AND ISOMERS......Page 34
TOPIC 1: FUNCTIONAL GROUPS......Page 40
TOPIC 2: CARBOHYDRATES......Page 43
TOPIC 3: LIPIDS......Page 45
TOPIC 4: AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS......Page 47
TOPIC 5: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS......Page 50
TOPIC 1: MEMBRANE STRUCTURE......Page 55
TOPIC 2: PASSIVE TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES......Page 57
TOPIC 3: ACTIVE TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES......Page 60
TOPIC 1: NUCLEUS, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, AND GOLGI APPARATUS......Page 64
TOPIC 2: CELLULAR ORGANELLES......Page 66
TOPIC 3: CYTOSKELETON AND CELL JUNCTIONS......Page 68
TOPIC 1: THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT, AND ENTROPY......Page 73
TOPIC 2: FREE ENERGY AND COUPLING......Page 76
TOPIC 3: HOW ENZYMES WORK......Page 78
TOPIC 4: ENZYME REGULATION AND INHIBITION......Page 80
TOPIC 1: OXIDATION, REDUCTION, AND NADH......Page 85
TOPIC 2: GLYCOLYSIS......Page 88
TOPIC 3: KREBS (CITRIC ACID) CYCLE......Page 89
TOPIC 4: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION......Page 91
TOPIC 5: FERMENTATION......Page 93
TOPIC 1: CHLOROPLASTS AND CHLOROPHYLL......Page 98
TOPIC 2: LIGHT REACTIONS......Page 100
TOPIC 3: CALVIN (CALVIN-BENSON) CYCLE......Page 103
Unit I Exam......Page 107
Unit II: GENES, INFORMATION, AND HEREDITY......Page 113
TOPIC 1: EVIDENCE THAT DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL......Page 115
TOPIC 2: DNA STRUCTURE......Page 117
TOPIC 3: DNA REPLICATION......Page 120
TOPIC 1: TRANSCRIPTION......Page 126
TOPIC 2: KINDS OF RNA AND RIBOSOME CONSTRUCTION......Page 129
TOPIC 3: THE GENETIC CODE......Page 131
TOPIC 4: TRANSLATION......Page 133
TOPIC 1: THE CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS......Page 139
TOPIC 2: MEIOSIS......Page 142
TOPIC 3: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND GENETIC VARIATION......Page 144
TOPIC 1: MENDEL'S RULES AND GENETIC VARIATION......Page 149
TOPIC 2: GENETIC CROSSES......Page 151
TOPIC 3: COMPLEXITIES......Page 155
TOPIC 4: PEDIGREE ANALYSIS......Page 157
TOPIC 1: SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE......Page 163
TOPIC 2: LINKAGE AND RECOMBINATION......Page 165
TOPIC 3: GENETIC MAPPING......Page 168
TOPIC 1: VIRUSES AND THEIR LIFE CYCLES......Page 173
TOPIC 2: BACTERIA: GENETIC RECOMBINATION AND PLASMIDS......Page 176
TOPIC 3: OPERONS AND THE REGULATION OF PROKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION......Page 177
TOPIC 1: REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS......Page 183
TOPIC 2: HUMAN GENETIC DISORDERS......Page 185
TOPIC 3: GENE TECHNOLOGY: CLONES, PLASMIDS, PCR, AND RFLPs......Page 188
Unit II Exam......Page 193
Unit III: EVOLUTION......Page 197
TOPIC 1: EVOLUTION: HISTORY AND EVIDENCE......Page 199
TOPIC 2: NATURAL SELECTION......Page 202
TOPIC 1: MICROEVOLUTION AND HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM......Page 207
TOPIC 2: GENETIC VARIATION IN POPULATIONS......Page 211
Unit IV: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY......Page 217
TOPIC 1: TISSUES, ORGAN SYSTEMS, AND SURFACE AREA......Page 219
TOPIC 2: HOMEOSTASIS AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION......Page 221
TOPIC 1: HEART......Page 226
TOPIC 2: ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, VEINS, AND BLOOD......Page 228
TOPIC 1: MECHANISMS OF HORMONE ACTION......Page 233
TOPIC 2: ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND THEIR CONTROL IN VERTEBRATES......Page 236
TOPIC 3: EXAMPLES OF HORMONAL REGULATION......Page 238
TOPIC 1: NEURONS, CIRCUITS, AND RESTING POTENTIALS......Page 243
TOPIC 2: THE ACTION POTENTIAL......Page 246
TOPIC 3: RECEPTOR POTENTIALS AND SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS......Page 249
TOPIC 4: SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION......Page 251
TOPIC 1: THE BODY'S DEFENSE MECHANISMS......Page 256
TOPIC 2: B CELLS, T CELLS, AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE......Page 258
Units III and IV Exam......Page 264
Unit V: ECOLOGY......Page 267
TOPIC 1: FOOD WEBS AND PRODUCTIVITY......Page 269
TOPIC 2: CHEMICAL CYCLING IN ECOSYSTEMS......Page 271
TOPIC 3: LIFE HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS AND POPULATION DYNAMICS......Page 274
Final Exam......Page 280
INDEX......Page 286